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1.
为研究在常温(21±1)℃条件下不同搅拌方式对于厌氧氨氧化污泥复壮及运行影响,采用3组反应器(R1、R2、R3)搅拌方式分别为连续搅拌、间歇搅拌、间歇搅拌方式(R2、R3转速不同),对系统复壮及运行过程的脱氮性能、颗粒污泥性能等进行分析.结果表明,R1、R2、R3分别用10,2,2 d的时间氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率接近100%,R2、R3的厌氧氨氧化速率更高,更适合厌氧氨氧化菌生长;周期实验结果可知,间歇搅拌方式形成的水流流化状态较弱,使反应器呈较低溶解氧的时间较长,更易抑制AOB活性,从而提高厌氧氨氧化菌活性;R1系统提供剪切力大,且持续与基质溶液接触,产生EPS多,稳定运行时期末,R1、R2、R3的颗粒污泥平均粒径为723,675,649μm.  相似文献   
2.
Aromatic and functional polymers with processibility derived from biobased starting materials are prerequisite considering sustainable society. Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)s are rigid-rod polymers to show ultrahigh thermal stability such as flame retardance, while usually suffer from poor solubility. Here, poly(benzimidazole-co-amide)s are synthesized from two biobased monomers, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid and a semirigid comonomer, 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid. The copolymers with an amide composition of 80 mol% and higher are soluble in widely used polar solvents to fabricate the films keeping high flame retardance, which is comparable with popular high-performance polymers such as aromatic polyimides, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.  相似文献   
3.
Semi-synthetic triterpenoids, holding an amino substituted seven-membered A-ring (azepano-ring), which could be synthesized from triterpenic oximes through a Beckmann type rearrangement followed by a reduction of lactame fragment, are considered to be novel promising agents exhibiting anti-microbial, alpha-glucosidase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. In this study, in an attempt to develop new antitumor candidates, a series of A-ring azepano- and 3-amino-3,4-seco-derivatives of betulin, oleanolic, ursolic, and glycyrrhetinic acids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines and non-malignant mouse fibroblasts by means of a colorimetric sulforhodamine assay. Azepanoallobetulinic acid amide derivative 11 was the most cytotoxic compound of this series but showed little selectivity between the different human tumor cell lines. Flow cytometry experiments showed compound 11 to act mainly by apoptosis (44.3%) and late apoptosis (21.4%). The compounds were further screened at the National Cancer Institute towards a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. It was found that compounds 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20 showed growth inhibitory (GI50) against the most sensitive cell lines at submicromolar concentrations (0.20–0.94 μM), and their cytotoxic activity (LC50) was also high (1–6 μM). Derivatives 3, 8, 11, 15, and 16 demonstrated a certain selectivity profile at GI50 level from 5.16 to 9.56 towards K-562, CCRF-CEM, HL-60(TB), and RPMI-8226 (Leukemia), HT29 (Colon cancer), and OVCAR-4 (Ovarian cancer) cell lines. Selectivity indexes of azepanoerythrodiol 3 at TGI level ranged from 5.93 (CNS cancer cell lines SF-539, SNB-19 and SNB-75) to 14.89 for HCT-116 (colon cancer) with SI 9.56 at GI50 level for the leukemia cell line K-562. The present study highlighted the importance of A-azepano-ring in the triterpenic core for the development of novel antitumor agents, and a future aim to increase the selectivity profile will thus lie in the area of modifications of azepano-triterpenic acids at their carboxyl group.  相似文献   
4.
文章从洗涤性能、环境和成本方面,阐述了生物酶能够优化洗涤剂配方的可能性。鉴于新兴市场愈发受人瞩目,且液体洗涤剂正经历高速增长,因此研究重点放在面向亚太市场的液体洗涤产品。结果表明,使用酶作为表面活性剂的替代品可以提升去污效果、让洗涤剂更绿色,且不会导致成本增加。原因在于,酶的使用量要比它所替代的表面活性剂少得多,而酶的生产和使用对气候和水环境的影响也相对少得多。  相似文献   
5.
In the past decades, pyrochlores, such as Gd2Zr2O7, have demonstrated great potential to immobilize nuclear wastes such as Pu, which results in the production of Pu2Zr2O7. Due to the high radioactivity of Pu, it is difficult to investigate the radiation response behavior of Pu2Zr2O7 and its physical properties of the damaged state experimentally. Consequently, few related data have been reported in the literature thus far. In this study, first-principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu2Zr2O7. It reveals that PuZr antisite and O8a interstitial defects are very easy to form in Pu2Zr2O7. In particular, the O8a interstitial defect can be formed spontaneously, while it is mechanically unstable. When vacancy, interstitial or antisite defects are formed in Pu2Zr2O7, and the elastic moduli and Debye temperature are decreased. Besides, better ductility is resulted. As compared with other zirconate pyrochlores, such as Gd2Zr2O7, the Pu2Zr2O7 is suggested to be less resistant to radiation-induced amorphization. This study demonstrates that the created defects due to self-radiation from actinide decay have remarkable influences on the thermophysical properties of Pu2Zr2O7.  相似文献   
6.
C/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration technique (CVI) have been regarded as thermal structural materials widely. However, these composites still suffer from poor functional properties like low thermal conductivity, especially in thickness direction of the composites, limiting their large-scale applications. Herein, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber (MPCF) and continuous wave laser machining were utilized to construct highly effective heat conductive micro-pipelines within CVI C/SiC composite. The effect of initial density on the final density and thermal conductivity of the as-obtained MPCF-C/SiC composites were investigated. The results revealed that higher initial density would directly enhance the thermal conductivity and reduce the negative impact of the bottle-neck effect. At temperatures between 100°C and 500°C, MPCF-C/SiC composites preserved more than threefold of the thermal conductivity (340%) when compared to reference C/SiC composites. This work provides a highly effective route for enhancing the thermal conductivity of C/SiC, which would broaden their future applications.  相似文献   
7.
Due to the growing energy requirements, the proportion of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) installed has increased significantly during the past 50 years. Due to the longevity of these systems, ETICS waste is currently accumulating. Owing to the complex construction as well as a multitude of differently installed materials and substances of the past generations, there are many uncertainties and problems with the clean and low-pollutant processing of such systems. In the frame of this work, the ETICS were processed and sorted before being screened for ingredients or pollutants as well as for the purity of the recovered material fractions.  相似文献   
8.
卢沛  罗向龙  陈健勇  杨智  梁颖宗  陈颖 《化工学报》2021,72(Z1):512-519
针对不同换热设备组合之间以及换热设备在系统中的分布情况进行了研究,建立了高级分析模型,将换热设备与系统的损进一步分割成不可避免性部分和可避免性部分,计算相应的损失和效率,确定换热设备与系统中能量损失的主要部位,并在有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)系统试验台中进行验证,为换热设备及其热力系统的运行优化提供科学依据。结果表明,不同的换热面积对换热设备的能效有着非常大的影响,同时常规分析和高级分析提出了不同的系统优化次序。高级分析表明,蒸发器可避免损占蒸发器损的41.2%~60.0%,冷凝器可避免损占冷凝器总损最高可达91%~97%,整个ORC系统有52.5%~66.3%的损可以避免,有很大的改造潜力,且发现不合理设计的管道也会影响ORC系统性能。  相似文献   
9.
介绍了高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展,重点阐释了聚合物基体的结构特性(链结构、分子间相互作用、取向、结晶度等)、导热填料(种类、含量、形态、尺寸等)以及制备方法等对高分子材料导热性能的影响。  相似文献   
10.
以热膨胀仪判定建窑黑瓷烧成温度的研究为例,综合运用多种测试方法对建窑黑瓷标本进行了系统研究,探讨如何从建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线中筛选有效转折点的问题及其转折点的形成原因。研究表明:(1)建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上有三个转折点,分别为收缩转折点、膨胀转折点和急剧收缩点。其中第一个收缩转折点是判定其古代烧成温度的关键点。(2)建窑黑瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上膨胀转折点和急剧收缩点的形成皆与其胎体中大量Fe_2O_3在高温下发生分解反应有关。该研究不仅为热膨胀仪测定建窑黑瓷烧成温度的应用研究提供判定依据,也将为科学认识古陶瓷胎体重烧热膨胀曲线上多个转折点的形成机理提供数据支持。  相似文献   
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