基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的甲烷气体监测研究

设计了一种基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的甲烷(CH4)气体监测装置,该装置具有温度监测范围大、监测精度高和实时监测的优点。监测装置的激光光源为波长1650 nm的反馈式激光器,应用波长调谐与锁相放大器技术,对周围环境进行温度补偿与背景扣除,可以较准确地测量周围环境中CH4的体积分数。实验表明,当CH4体积分数小于1%时,该装置的监测精度为±0.02%;当CH4体积分数大于1%时,装置监测误差小于±0.8%,实时监测的最长响应时间为10 s。装置的温度范围为0~40℃,可满足大多数工业生产中对CH4等气体体积分数的监测需求。     

Modular Self‐Assembling Peptide Platform with a Tunable Thermoresponsiveness via a Single Amino Acid Substitution

The introduction of a stimulus‐responsive property is an effective way to increase the applicability of functional materials in the field of nanobiotechnology. Herein, a peptide platform is devised for constructing elastin‐like peptide amphiphiles (ELPAs) that exhibit a temperature‐responsiveness that can be easily tuned via a single N‐terminal amino acid substitution at the final step of peptide synthesis. Due to the modular property of peptides, the platform based on a miniaturized elastin‐like peptide (MELP) can be conjugated with various bioactive peptide sequences in diverse macromolecular topologies. First, the MELP platform is coupled with a short linear RGD peptide. The ELPAs of the peptide conjugates exhibit rapid aggregation (coacervation) and retard disaggregation in response to heating and cooling, respectively. Second, the platform is grafted with an α‐helical guest peptide in a lariat‐type structure, which forms ELPAs that undergo faster disassembly than the ELPAs without the guest peptide in response to temperature increases. Interestingly, the critical temperatures for the thermoresponsive behaviors are commonly dependent on the hydrophobic and aromatic properties of the N‐terminal amino acid residues. These results suggest that this peptide platform possesses great potential for use in the development of smart materials in wide‐ranging applications related to temperature change.     

Effects of defect dipoles on tunable dielectric response in relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Tunable dielectric materials have drawn much attention due to their wide applications including capacitors and microwave tunable devices. Ferroelectrics materials have special spontaneous polarization which can be reversibly switched by an external electric field. Therefore, tunable dielectric constant can be easily achieved in ferroelectrics. However, the study of nonlinear dielectric response induced by defect dipoles is rarely concerned. Here, we report the effects of defect dipoles on tunable dielectric response under alternative current (AC) and direct current (DC) electric field in defect dipoles introduced Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃–PbTiO₃ ceramics. A modified Rayleigh model is proposed to successfully characterize dielectric nonlinearity and reveals the interaction between domain walls and defect dipoles. The defect dipoles had more sensitive effect on dielectric response under AC field than that of defect dipoles-free samples. The drop of intrinsic dielectric contribution under AC field results from the detriment effect of defect dipoles. The irreversible contribution is altered by the movements of defect dipoles under AC field, subsequently inducing the nonlinearity of dielectric response. Samples with defect dipoles have larger tunable scope of dielectric properties than that of defect dipoles-free samples. The present work discovers the potential of application of defect dipoles-tuned dielectric response ferroelectrics in devices which requires both high AC and DC biases, and help to better understand the complex dielectric response of ferroelectrics.     

Preparation of tunable full-color emission carbon dots and their optical applications in ions detection and bio-imaging

In this work, we synthesized a series of novel carbon dots (CDs) by using phenylenediamines (three isomers: o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine) as starting materials via facile solvothermal approach. As-prepared CDs could emit bright blue, green, yellow, orange, and red light with relatively high PLQY, individually. Optical properties could be controlled by simply varying reaction parameters. The luminescent mechanism was investigated and analyzed in detail. Finally, the blue-emitting CDs and green-emitting CDs showed many appealing properties, such as high sensitivity (limit of detection = 4.52 and 3.50 nmol/L), quick response (<2 minutes), broad response window (0-70 nmol/L), and excellent selectivity for detecting Cr⁶⁺ and Al³⁺ cations, respectively. Thus, they have potential to be developed as the corresponding optical probes. While as-prepared orange-emitting CDs could be applied as a bio-imaging reagent due to its long-wavelength emission, relatively high PLQY, low toxicity, excellent water solubility, and good biocompatibility.     

Microstructure and dielectric properties of compositionally graded Ba1-xSrxTiO3 multilayer tunable capacitors

Li₂O/B₂O₃-added Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃ (B_1-xS_xT) ceramics, where 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.35, were well densified at 920 °C with pure perovskite structure. The dielectric constant, tunability, and figure of merit (FOM) of B_1-xS_xT ceramics increased with x because of the decreasing Curie temperature (T_C). The specimen with x = 0.35, whose T_C was close to room temperature, exhibited a large tunability of 27.4 % and FOM of 110 at 10 kV/cm. A compositionally graded multilayer (CGML), which was sintered at 920 °C, was fabricated using B_1-xS_xT thick films to produce a temperature-stable tunable capacitor, and it evinced a dense microstructure and a continuous interface between the B_1-xS_xT thick film and the Ag electrode. This CGML capacitor showed a large tunability (51 %) and FOM (150) at 20 kV/cm. It also exhibited stable tunability (17–28 % at 10 kV/cm) at temperatures between 30–90 °C. Therefore, the B_1-xS_xT CGML capacitor is a suitable candidate for temperature-stable tunable capacitors.     

Ultralow-threshold wideband-tunable single-mode ultraviolet lasing from lanthanide-doped upconversion nanomaterials

Ultraviolet (UV) lasers with dynamic wavelength-tunability and high monochromaticity are crucial in a multitude of practical applications yet still remarkable challenges. Here, we show wide wavelength-tuning of single-mode UV lasing based on lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The rationally designed Yb³⁺/Er³⁺/Tm³⁺/Gd³⁺/Ce³⁺ co-doped multilayer UCNPs, which exhibits a broad gain spectrum with the full width of half maximum of around 57 nm in the UV regime, are developed. More importantly, by taking advantages of a diffraction grating as the tuning component, stable single-mode emission can be achieved in the UCNPs-based external-cavity-extended Fabry–Pérot laser at room temperature. Specifically, the lasing threshold is around 137 µJ cm^–2, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that in the previously reported articles. Precise wavelength-tuning from 310 to 363 nm can be realized by adjusting the Littrow angle. This achievement highlights a portable alternative to continuously wideband-tunable UV lasers and opens up new opportunities for constructing compact solid-state UV photon sources.     

Tuning the peak position of subwavelength silica nanosphere broadband antireflection coatings

Subwavelength nanostructures are considered as promising building blocks for antireflection and light trapping applications. In this study, we demonstrate excellent broadband antireflection effect from thin films of monolayer silica nanospheres with a diameter of 100 nm prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett method on glass substrates. With a single layer of compact silica nanosphere thin film coated on both sides of a glass, we achieved maximum transmittance of 99% at 560 nm. Furthermore, the optical transmission peak of the nanosphere thin films can be tuned over the UV-visible range by changing processing parameters during Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. The tunable optical transmission peaks of the Langmuir-Blodgett films were correlated with deposition parameters such as surface pressure, surfactant concentration, ageing of suspensions and annealing effect. Such peak-tunable broadband antireflection coating has wide applications in diversified industries such as solar cells, windows, displays and lenses.     

半导体激光器温度控制电路设计及实验研究

DFB可调谐二极管激光器是激光光谱测量系统中的最主要部件之一,它的输出波长与辐射功率的稳定性决定测量系统的稳定性.影响DFB可调谐二极管激光器输出波长和输出功率的因素主要为激光器的注入电流和工作温度,而工作温度对输出特性的影响更大.设计了激光器温度控制电路,并实验分析了PI参数对温度控制稳定性的影响以及温度控制的短期稳定性;将设计电路应用在DFB可调谐二极管激光器上进行激光器输出波长与输出功率的长期监测,得到激光器输出波长的标准偏差为0.2×10-6,输出功率的标准偏差为0.02 mW.     

基于TDLAS技术的空气气压精确测量

基于可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,通 过测量水汽吸收线的展宽,实现了气体压力的精确测量。实验中光源被 分为两束,一束通过压力可调的样品池获得吸收光谱数据,另一束通过FP标准具用以波 长定标。选取 水汽在7243cm－1附近的两条吸收线, 利用测得的10～20kPa之间的水汽吸收线压力展宽值对 HITRAN数据库中的空气展宽系数进行校正。实时测量了参考气压值从30～100kPa时的 水汽吸收线压力展宽,计算得到气压值并与参考气压进行比较,不同参考压力下利用水汽7243.075cm－1 和7242.370cm－1处吸收峰计算结果与参考气压值的偏差分别分布于0.9%附近和2.0%附近,两条吸收谱线 测量结果波动均小于0.2%。实验测量结果与参考值几乎一致,且同一条件不同次测量结果波 动较小,证明了TDLAS技术应用于实时环境气压精确快速测量的可行性。