西部山地旅游公共服务游客满意度评价研究——以318国道川藏线为例

文章在对相关研究进行文献综述的基础上,以318国道川藏线为例,提出西部山地旅游公共服务5个维度的游客感知假设,选用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对游客满意度组合模型进行因子分析与假设检验。根据模型拟合结果分析,旅游信息类公共服务在西部山地旅游公共服务中供需矛盾最为突出,其次为旅游交通类公共服务和旅游安全保障管理类公共服务,相对而言,旅游基础设施类公共服务和休闲空间与旅游便民惠民类公共服务供需矛盾较小。该结果为西部山地旅游公共服务体系构建明确了发展方向。     

采前氯吡脲处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解的影响

以‘秦美’猕猴桃果实为试材,于盛花期后28 d分别采用0(对照,清水)、5、10、20 mg/L 4个质量浓度的氯吡脲(1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea,CPPU)溶液进行蘸果处理,蘸果时间3～5 s,研究采前CPPU处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解酶活力的影响。结果表明:CPPU处理加速了果实硬度、原果胶和纤维素质量分数的下降,提高了可溶性果胶质量分数及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)、果胶甲酯酶(pectin methylesterase,PME)、纤维素酶(cellulase,Cx)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-D-galaetosidase,β-Gal)细胞壁降解活力。各处理组果实硬度与可溶性果胶质量分数和PG、Cx活力呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与原果胶、纤维素质量分数呈极显著正相关(P0.01);20 mg/L CPPU处理组果实的β-Gal活力与硬度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。CPPU处理提高了果实细胞壁降解酶的活力,促进了细胞壁的降解,加速了贮藏期间果实的软化,降低了果实的耐贮藏性。为维持猕猴桃采后果实硬度,延长贮藏期,生产中不宜使用CPPU处理,或使用的质量浓度不宜超过5 mg/L。     

煤层气压裂井裂缝参数优化及效果评价

因煤层复杂渗流机理及低孔低渗特征，煤层气均需采取压裂改造措施进行开采。为了正确认识压裂参数对煤层气井产能、采出程度及井网部署的影响规律，从储层应力形变及煤层气解吸、扩散、渗流流固耦合分析出发，建立压裂井气水两相非线性渗流模型，研究裂缝参数、储层非均质性对井距及井网类型优化的影响，并且采用注入压降试井解释对压裂工艺参数进行评价。研究结果表明：煤层流体以非线性渗流为主，物性呈现先下降后上升的特征，存在启动压力梯度的影响；井距优化应考虑裂缝方向、裂缝穿透比、裂缝导流能力等因素的影响；矩形与菱形井网选择要参考储层各向异性系数的临界值；避免注入压降测试中井筒液面的变化及测试段的选择对试井解释结果的影响，提高压裂效果解释评价准确性。研究对煤层气压裂井裂缝、井网参数优化及提高压裂效果评价准确性具有较好的指导意义。     

The sociotechnical constitution of cognitive work analysis: roles,affordances and malfunctions

Analysis of everyday work practices in sociotechnical systems for eliciting design/intervention requirements involves appropriate work analysis frameworks. The current article provides an extension to one such framework — Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) — by scrutinising its sociotechnical basis. CWA's forte depends on its ‘design for adaptation’, system related operations, and operators. In contrast, sociotechnical work systems require not only operators and adaptation, but also a significant emphasis on ‘users’ and ‘appropriation’. The current article extends CWA (based on Rasmussen's original concepts) for users; subsequently allowing for system flexibility and possibilities of ‘appropriation’ within acceptable boundaries of the system's correct functioning. To this end, the first phase of Work Domain Analysis is extended by adding a new layer to the abstraction hierarchy (AH), based on Rasmussen's original insights.     

基于面包酵母中海藻糖提取工艺优化及菌株筛选的高密度培养工艺

确定使用酶-3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid,DNS)法作为酵母胞内海藻糖定量测定方法,通过微波-浸提法对活性干酵母胞内海藻糖进行提取,采用单因素试验以酵母中海藻糖含量为参考指标优化该工艺中的微波功率、微波时间、三氯乙酸浓度、三氯乙酸体积、浸提温度、浸提时间,在此基础上对微波功率、微波时间、三氯乙酸浓度、三氯乙酸体积、浸提温度5个因素进行正交试验,优化后工艺条件为:针对1.5 g活性干酵母,微波功率231 W、微波时间40 s、三氯乙酸浓度0.7 mol/L、三氯乙酸体积40 m L、浸提温度55℃、浸提时间150 min。使用该工艺得到的活性干酵母中的海藻糖含量为280.15 mg/g,相对于优化前提高了15.2%。同时,利用该优化后工艺在现有面包酵母菌种中筛选出了一株高产海藻糖的菌株。在50 L自吸式发酵罐中将该菌株进行流加发酵,采用糖蜜进行溶氧反馈流加时最大酵母湿质量浓度为198.34 g/L,将流加工艺进行改进,提出称质量补料的流加方法将糖蜜、尿素、磷酸二氢铵作为流加营养源,实验发现发酵后最大酵母湿质量浓度可提高到264.82 g/L,相对于原工艺提高了33.52%,达到了面包酵母高密度培养的要求。发酵过程中将乙醇体积分数控制在0.7%~1.0%之间,将有效提高酵母湿质量浓度且保证其发酵力在650 m L/h以上,且工艺稳定性良好。     

Microblogging,friendship maintenance,and life satisfaction among university students: The mediatory role of online self-disclosure

Despite a substantial literature suggests that computer-mediated communication impact individuals’ various psychosocial factors, relatively few studies have elucidated the underlying mechanism behind these associations. Building upon self-disclosure theory and previous studies, the principal purpose of this present research is to systematically explore the relationships among microblog utilization, online self-disclosure, friendship maintenance, and perceived life satisfaction. A web-based survey was implemented using a total of 426 university students in Northwestern China. Structural equation modeling reveals that intensity of microblog use is positively associated with these students’ friendship maintenance and life satisfaction. Additionally, online self-disclosure plays the crucial mediatory role in the relationships between microblog use, quality of relationships, and gratification with life. The results imply that as microbloggers disclosure their inner thoughts or emotional states with other users online, they could foster their friendship maintenance and obtain greater life satisfaction. However, contrary to the expectation, students’ friendship maintenance is not discovered to be a significant predictor of the sense of life satisfaction in the online environment. Overall, these obtained outcomes of the empirical work could offer new insights into the deep comprehending of the social psychological process of microblogging among younger generation in the new media context.     

儿童用品TBT通报数据可视化预警研究

探索采用数据可视化技术分析儿童用品TBT通报数据,以可视化图形图像呈现通报热点并揭示趋势信息,提出对策与建议,助力为儿童用品产业升级、TBT预警数据分析和信息传播工作提供新思路,提高中小企业的国外市场准入机会。     

Phenolic composition and functional properties of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.)

Mints (Mentha species) are widely used as food, medicine, spice, and flavoring agents. At the present work, phenolics profile of infusion and ethanol extract of Mentha longifolia was determined using an RP–HPLC–DAD system. Total bioactive contents, radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activities relevant to Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders were evaluated. Sixteen phenolic compounds (ten phenolic acids and six flavonoids) were identified in the extracts in which sinapic acid (7132 µg/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (6260 µg/g extract) were the most abundant compounds. Strong antioxidant effects were observed in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), cupric ion reducing activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays. Results indicated selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and high α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Findings showed that M. longifolia has promising health benefits due to its high concentration of useful phenolic compounds and has great potential for possible applications in the preparation of functional ingredients.     

童氏曲线图版的理论完善及应用

童氏曲线图版法是注水开发油田标定可采储量的主要方法。随着中国注水开发油藏相继进入高含水期,出现许多实际油藏的含水率与采出程度关系与童氏曲线图版吻合性较差的现象。为此,在新的渗流特征方程的基础上,利用Welge方程,导出了童氏曲线的通式,完善了童氏曲线的理论基础。童氏曲线的通式在一定条件下,可以转化为经典的童氏曲线及其改进式,其对应的水驱特征曲线也可在一定条件下转化为马克西莫夫水驱特征曲线、校正马克西莫夫水驱特征曲线和沙卓罗夫水驱特征曲线,表明童氏曲线的通式具有较好的适应性。通过丘陵油田三间房组油藏的应用,给出了绘制实际油藏童氏曲线图版的方法和确定油藏特征参数的方法。