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1.
陈程  陈鑫  徐凤  吴斌  李元媛  陆规 《化工学报》2021,72(11):5800-5809
湿法脱硫排出的废水是燃煤机组废水中最难处理的末端废水之一。热法固化是实现脱硫废水零排放的必然途径。通过构建整个燃煤机组厂级尺度热力系统虚拟仿真模型,从能量流、物料流、水平衡及其之间的相互影响机制的角度对比分析了目前三种主流不同脱硫工艺路线的优劣。在此基础上,提出了基于吸附式热泵和多效蒸馏浓缩,废热用于干燥的新型脱硫工艺,新工艺所需的高温烟气量最小,仅为旁路直喷式的1/5,为目前主流浓缩干燥方案的1/3,在回收水分的同时,极大降低高温烟气的消耗量,降低对主机安全性的影响。相关研究可以为燃煤机组脱硫废水零排放及深度节水提供新的解决思路。  相似文献   
2.
以糖厂发配电系统的实际配置为基础,对现有采样算法进行对比分析,选取适用的电压、电流、频率等参数的采样算法;对比研究了国内外相关孤岛检测技术,基于单机-无穷大运行模型,研究了自备热电厂发电机组的负荷极限;确定了外部主网故障防自备电厂孤岛效应的解列条件以及继电保护逻辑;对自备电厂用电负荷进行分级,据此确定低频减载判据,最后确定了自备电厂频率保护整定策略的工程实施。  相似文献   
3.
零刚度磁悬浮重力补偿器(ZMLGC)工作在零刚度点附近,用以平衡重力并实现超低频隔振。但是,随着ZMLGC的运动其轴向刚度增加显著,制约了隔振性能。为有效减小工作行程内轴向刚度的变化,首先基于等效电流模型分析了零刚度生成原理。然后,利用椭圆积分建立了ZMLGC的磁场和电磁力解析模型,并在MATLAB中编程实现。提出了不等厚的动子拓扑结构以改善气隙磁场分布,结合解析模型和有限元模型进行了结构参数设计计算。最后,搭建样机进行了静态和动态实验。结果表明,在±1 mm工作行程内,ZMLGC的最大刚度降低了四倍,达到10 N/m。  相似文献   
4.
采用裂解色谱(PY-GC-MS)、电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)和红外光谱(FTIR)等技术手段,分析了Estonia油页岩中干酪根及其热解产物的结构特性,研究了不同温度下中间产物与最终产物的关联性。结果显示:油页岩热解符合干酪根热解为中间产物热沥青,热沥青再热解为页岩油、干馏气和半焦等产物反应路径,中间产物热沥青的生成趋势反映了终产物的生成速率变化;H2、CH4和C2~C5组分主要来自热沥青中脂肪烃的芳构化、芳香族化合物烷基侧链的断裂及含氧化合物的缩聚等,干酪根热解产生的烷烃和烯烃类化合物是产油气的主要组分。干酪根和页岩油的自由基自旋浓度明显低于热沥青和半焦;半焦g值最大,干酪根次之,热沥青和页岩油的g值偏低。  相似文献   
5.
The sustainable reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport requires solutions to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, in addition to vehicles with electrified powertrains, such as those implemented in battery electric of fuel cell vehicles, internal combustion engines fueled with e-fuels or biofuels are also under discussion. An e-fuel that has come into focus recently, is hydrogen due to its potential to achieve zero tank-to-wheel and well-to-wheel carbon dioxide emissions when the electrolysis is powered by electricity from renewable sources. Due to the high laminar burning velocity, hydrogen has the potential for engine operation with high cylinder charge dilution by e.g. external exhaust gas recirculation or enleanment, resulting in increased efficiency. On the other hand, the high burning velocity and high adiabatic flame temperatures pose a challenge for engine cooling due to increased heat losses compared to conventional fuels. To further evaluate the use of hydrogen for small passenger car engines, a series production 1 L 3 cylinder gasoline engine provided by Ford Werke GmbH was modified for hydrogen direct injection. The engine was equipped with a high pressure external exhaust gas recirculation system to investigate charge dilution at stoichiometric operation. Due to limitations of the turbocharging system, very lean operation, which can achieve nitrogen oxides raw emissions below 10 ppm, was limited to part load operation below BMEP = 8 bar. Thus, a reduction of the nitrogen oxides emission level at high loads compared to stoichiometric operation was not possible. At stoichiometric operation with external exhaust gas recirculation engine efficiency can be increased significantly. The comparison of stoichiometric hydrogen and gasoline operation shows a reduced indicated efficiency with hydrogen with significant faster combustion of hydrogen at comparable centers of combustion. However, higher boost pressures would allow to achieve even higher indicated efficiencies by charge dilution compared to gasoline engine operation.  相似文献   
6.
A large-scale high-precision scan stage is important equipment in the industrial productions of micro-fabrication such as flat panel display (FPD) lithography systems. Designing controllers for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems is time-consuming and needs experience because of the interaction between each axis and many controller tuning parameters. The aim of this study is to develop a peak filter design method based on frequency response data to reduce repetitive disturbance. This data-based approach does not use the model and only uses the frequency response data of the controlled system and the disturbance spectrum calculated from the scanning error data (Contribution 1). The peak filter is designed by convex optimization and satisfies robust stability conditions for six-degree-of-freedom systems (Contribution 2). The control performance of the designed peak filter is experimentally demonstrated with an industrial MIMO large-scale high-precision scan stage in reducing the scanning error of the main stroke of the translation along the x-axis (Contribution 3).  相似文献   
7.
This study investigates the effect of intermediate stress ratio (b) on the mechanical behaviour of granular soil in true triaxial tests. A CFD-DEM solver with the ability to model compressible fluid and moving mesh has been developed and calibrated based on existing experimental test results on Nevada sand. The effect of b on the undrained true triaxial test, which has been neglected in the literature, was investigated using a reasonable number of models. The effects of the initial confining stress and initial void ratio also have been studied. The developed model was used to calculate the hydrodynamic forces on the particles and evaluate the ratio of the particle–fluid interaction force to the resultant force on the particles. It has been demonstrated that, in numerical studies, the effect of these forces cannot be neglected.  相似文献   
8.
The principle aim of this article is to detect the effects of externally applied magnetic force in the nanofluid flow, flowing between two co-axially rotating and expanding disks where the upper disk is continuously moving vertically upward and downward. Also, the modified Hall Effect has been considered as an effective factor of the flow. The lower disk is vertically static. The rotation and vertical motion of the disks create a three-dimensional flow of nanofluid. Heat and mass density along with the motion of the flow has been analyzed under the variation in magnetic and Hall parameters. The findings have been compared with the results in Von Karman flow of nanofluid between two rotating and stretching disks. The velocity components have been largely influenced by magnetic and Hall parameters in case of downward movement of the upper disk. The fluid temperature is detected higher in case of upward velocity and lower in case of the downward motion of the upper disk. The heat transferability of the disks is effected differently at two different disks with the influence of magnetic force and Hall effect.  相似文献   
9.
This work addresses the use of TiO2-based particles as an intermediate layer for reaching fully dense Pd-membranes by Electroless Pore-Plating for long-time hydrogen separation. Two different intermediate layers formed by raw and Pd-doped TiO2 particles were considered. The estimated Pd-thickness of the composite membrane was reduced in half when the ceramic particles were doped with Pd nuclei before their incorporation onto the porous support by vacuum-assisted dip-coating. The real thickness of the top Pd-film was even lower (around 3 μm), as evidenced by the cross-section SEM images. However, a certain amount of palladium penetrates in some points of the porous structure of the support up to 50 μm in depth. In this manner, despite saving a noticeable amount of palladium during the membrane fabrication, lower H2-permeance was found while permeating pure hydrogen from the inner to the outer surface of the membrane at 400 °C (3.55·10?4 against 4.59·10?4 mol m?2 s?1 Pa?0.5). Certain concentration-polarization was found in the case of feeding binary H2–N2 mixtures for all the conditions, especially in the case of reaching the porous support before the Pd-film during the permeation process. Similarly, the effect of using sweep gas is more significant when applied on the side where the Pd-film is placed. Besides, both membranes showed good mechanical stability for around 200 h, obtaining a complete H2/N2 ideal separation factor for the entire set of experiments. At this point, this value decreased up to around 400 for the membrane prepared with raw TiO2 particles as intermediate layer (TiO2/Pd). At the same time, complete selectivity was maintained up to 1000 h in case of using doped TiO2 particles (Pd–TiO2/Pd). However, a specific decrease in the H2-permeate flux was found while operating at 450 °C due to a possible alloy between palladium and titanium that is not formed at a lower temperature (400 °C). Therefore, Pd–TiO2/Pd membranes prepared by Electroless Pore-Plating could be very attractive to be used under stable operation in either independent separators or membrane reactors in which moderate temperatures are required.  相似文献   
10.
为实现活性染料对棉纺织品等亲水性纤维的无盐、高固色率和污水零排放染色加工,首先分析了传统水浴染色体系亟需解决的问题;其次对现有少水/无水染色加工技术进行总结,认为现有的活性染料新型染色加工技术没有从根本上解决耗水量大、污水排放量大的问题;在此基础上,分析了硅基非水介质染色关键技术体系的原理和发展现状,并进一步介绍了非水介质染色及其适用性和介质的基本要求,棉纤维在非水介质染色体系中的染色性能、产业化推广等;最后,对非水介质染色技术进行总结和展望,认为非水介质染色关键技术不仅解决了棉纺织品染色高污染、高排放的问题,且染色的能耗及成本得到了进一步降低。  相似文献   
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