Cascade fuzzy control for gas engine driven heat pump

In addition to absorption chillers, today’s gas cooling technology includes gas engine driven heat pump systems (GEHP) in a range of capacities and temperature capacities suitable for most commercial air conditioning and refrigeration applications. Much is expected from GEHPs as a product that would help satisfy the air conditioning system demand from medium and small sized buildings, restrict electric power demand peaks in summer and save energy in general. This article describes a kind of control strategy for a GEHP, a cascade fuzzy control. GEHPs have large and varying time constants and their dynamic modeling cannot be easily achieved. A cascade control strategy is effective for systems that have large time constants and disturbances, and a fuzzy control strategy is fit for a system that lacks an accurate model. This cascade fuzzy control structure brings together the best merits of fuzzy control and cascade control structures. The performance of the cascade fuzzy control is compared to that of a cascade PI (proportional and integral) control strategy, and it is shown by example that the cascade fuzzy control strategy gives a better performance, reduced reaction time and smaller overshoot temperature.     

自适应均衡器的FPGA实现

在无线通信系统中,由于多径效应的干扰导致信号在传输过程中不可避免地产生码间干扰,因此必须在接收端增加均衡器,以消除码间干扰,提高传输质量。该自适应均衡器设计以FPGA为设计平台,使用自上而下的模块化的设计方法,利用StratixⅡ系列EP1C20F324C6芯片,采用横向滤波器结构,设计并行结构的8阶复数滤波器。最后在QuartusⅡ中进行仿真与综合,结果显示I、Q两路误差信号趋于零,从而实现自适应均衡,降低误码率。     

Performance modeling,real-time dispatching and simulation of wafer fabrication systems using timed extended object-oriented Petri nets

Semiconductor wafer fabrication system (SWFS) is the most complex and capital-intensive phase in the entire semiconductor manufacturing cycle. With characteristics of re-entrant processing routes, equipment uncertainty, product diversity and improving technologies, great challenges are presented in SWFS’s modeling, scheduling and simulation. To implement efficient production control, this paper provides a timed extended object-oriented Petri nets (TEOPNs) approach to performance modeling, real-timed dispatching and simulation of SWFSs. The TEOPNs models are constructed in a hierarchy to accord with the real-world SWFS’s organization, and a new type of signal place is added into the TEOPNs to respond the dynamic states of all processing facilities. A novel autonomy and coordination-based real-time dispatching mechanism (A&C-RDM) is developed in this paper, which executes under the support of the TEOPNs-based hybrid real-time dispatching control system (HRDCS). Owning to the ability of gathering dynamic real-time information of all production facilities and WIP products, the HRDCS can make adaptive dispatching decisions according to the local and global real-time processing status. Two sets of key elements of real-time dispatching, i.e. the state thresholds and dispatching rules, are defined in the HRDCS so that the A&C-RDM can integrate different types of dispatching rules. A set of simulation experiments prove the efficiency of the proposed modeling and dispatching algorithm. In summary, the proposed TEOPNs, HRDCS and A&C-RDM form the cornerstones of a real-time dispatching simulation prototype of SWFS, and the work described in this paper carries out an advanced integrated “modeling–dispatching–simulation” methodology.     

新型横向磁场电机的标量磁位三维磁场分析与参数计算

提出了一种新型横向磁场电机（TFM），定子采用E型铁心，可以大大降低加工难度和制造成本。但是，该电机磁路复杂，需采用三维场场进行分析。在三维有限元磁场中，如果对电流区域进行适当处理，采用标量磁位进行分析，与采用矢量磁位相比，可大大提高计算速度。对电流区域在三维磁场计算中的处理方法进行了推导，根据所推导的原理编制三维有限元软件，利用该软件对样机磁场进行计算。试验结果表明了该方法的正确性。     

无刷直流电动机的设计(23)

9．3转矩系数Km和反电势系数Ke的计算公式 无论在电动机的设计技术领域，还是在电动机的应用技术领域，转矩系数Km和反电势系数Ke是两个评价电动机性能的重要技术指标。     

抗振条-传热管大间隙多跨直管束流致振动试验研究

针对抗振条-传热管大间隙的4跨传热管直管束开展了流致振动试验研究。传热管束转角正三角形排列,3处抗振条将直管束分为4跨,中间其中1跨的局部区域受到横向流体的冲刷。试验测试获得了管间流速在3.3～14.7 m/s区间内传热管振动位移和振动频率响应特性。结果表明,随着管间流速逐渐增大,传热管在来流方向和升力方向的振动频率依次增大,传热管的振动模态从抗振条1处有效支撑、2处未有效支撑的状态,转换为3处抗振条均有效支撑的状态。试验观测到传热管流弹失稳,其临界流速为14.5 m/s,与5种经验关系式预测结果的对比表明,Chen关系式能较好地预测流弹失稳的发生,预测结果较保守,与试验值间的相对偏差为21.4%。     

压水堆核电厂堆外源量程探测器计数率分析

压水堆核电厂启动过程中,次级中子源为堆外源量程探测器提供本底计数率,避免测量盲区,确保反应堆安全启动。但次级中子源的引入会为核电厂带来较大的经济和环境负担,同时也需承受次级中子源破损等带来的风险。为此,可使用受辐照燃料组件的自发裂变中子源进行替代,即无源启动方式。通过研究堆外源量程探测器计数率的理论计算方法,并基于运行电厂测量数据进行分析验证,为源量程探测器计数率的理论预估提供了较为完善的理论方法流程。本文结果可为无源启动源量程探测器计数率分析提供支持,同时也可用于次级中子源装载量或布置位置的优化分析等。     

Comparison of the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium on intestinal tract in vivo

To evaluate the ability of Mg–6Zn to replace titanium nails in the reconstruction of the intestinal tract in general surgery, we compared the Mg–6Zn and titanium implants with respect to their effects on rat’s intestinal tract by biochemical, radiological, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that Mg–6Zn implants started to degrade at the third week and disintegrate at the fourth week. No bubbles appeared, which may be associated with intestinal absorption of the Mg–6Zn implants. Pathological analyses (containing liver, kidney and cecum tissues) and biochemical measurements, including serum magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic–pyruvic–transaminase and glutamic–oxaloacetic–transaminase proved that degradation of Mg–6Zn did not harm the important organs, which is an improvement over titanium implants. Immunohistochemical results showed that Mg–6Zn could enhance the expression of transforming growth factor-β₁. Mg–6Zn reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor at different stages. In general, our study demonstrates that the Mg–6Zn alloy had good biocompatibility in vivo and performed better than titanium at promoting healing and reducing inflammation. It may be a promising candidate for stapler pins in intestinal reconstruction.     

舞台灯具国家标准特殊要求及LED舞台灯具的适用性

介绍了国家标准GB 7000.217-2008/IEC 60598-2-17：1984＋A2：1990《灯具第2-17部分：特殊要求舞台灯光、电视、电影及摄影场所（室内外）用灯具》的特殊要求,阐述了对该标准特殊要求条文的理解和解释以及其对LED舞台灯具的适用性,以帮助舞台灯具行业的设计、生产、检验和使用人员正确理解和应用舞台灯具国家标准。     

The effects of chloroform toxicity on methane fermentation

The methanogenic phase of anaerobic digestion is often considered to be the most sensitive step in the overall process. Chloroform, a model industrial toxicant was assayed with methane fermentation, acetate enrichment cultures. Commonly, microbial toxicity response studies have observed the toxicity response over a relatively short time span, on the order of a few hours or days. In addition, cessation of observed cell function has often been assumed to be equated with death of the cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity response under various conditions over prolonged periods, on the order of months, with major emphasis on the recovery pattern. The following parameters were observed: concentration of toxicant, solids retention time, biomass concentration, toxicant exposure time, cell age, toxicant administration pattern and temperature.The methane fermentation culture was able to acclimate to the presence of chloroform while fermenting acetate to methane. Inhibition of unacclimated cultures was noted at 0.5 mg l⁻¹, but with acclimation 15 mg l⁻¹ could be tolerated. There was a clear correlation between dose and inhibition. Recovery from inhibition was a function of SRT and biomass concentration. Younger cells were more resistant than older cells. The duration of chloroform exposure was directly related to the degree of residual inhibition. Reduced temperature delayed recovery of gas production from slug doses of chloroform. Radio tagged chloroform studies indicated that recovery of methane production occurred due to acclimation of the methanogens to the presence of chloroform and not from the disappearance of chloroform by microbial degradation.