马氏珠母贝选育系遗传变异的AFLP分析

利用AFLP技术对马氏珠母贝两个选育系DDS-G1和JCS-G1及大亚湾养殖群体(DDC)进行了遗传变异分析.5对选择性扩增引物共扩增谱带265条,DDC的多态位点比率为79.25%,DDS-G1为73.58%,JCS-G1为75.85%.两个选育系的单态位点明显增加,而Shannon's遗传多样性指数和Nei's基因多样性有所下降.三个组间的遗传距离为0.1615～0.2744,两个选育系间的遗传距离较大.研究结果表明,经过一代的选择,马氏珠母贝选育系的遗传结构和遗传多样性已发生改变,AFLP标记能够有效地监测选育系的遗传变异.  

用声学三参数判别海底沉积物性质

通过用声速-波形-振幅三参数识别技术获得海底沉积物的声速和频谱分析结果,根据声速、波形、振幅认识海底沉积物物理状态和结构特征,结合沉积层的其他地质信息,综合来判别海底沉积物性质。实验结果表明:利用声速高低、波形包络、振幅形状大小与沉积物结构、微结构、层理、颗粒成分、矿物组成、物理力学参数之间的关系,可以判别实验海区浅表层海底沉积物基本性质和划分海底沉积物钻孔岩心中古海水进退事件痕迹的埋藏深度。为声遥感遥测海底沉积物的实践作出尝试和贡献。  

海底沉积物样品声衰减与温度关系的实验研究

不同海区海水温度不同，导致不同海区沉积物温度不同；实验室环境温度变化造成沉积物温度的变化。模拟沉积物的温度变化来研究沉积物声衰减的变化，分别从声衰减系数和本文提出的温变衰减系数描述声衰减。以原状样品和人工样品为例说明了在一定厚度的海底沉积物中，声波的传播能力受到沉积物本身分布的均匀度的影响，会出现不同的衰减趋势；通过定义温变衰减系数得到了海底沉积物对能量的传播能力随温度的升高而降低。  

温度对水饱和孔隙介质压缩波速度的影响

温度作用使孔隙介质密度、弹性模量等参数发生改变，从而影响声波传播性质。文章基于变形体能量守恒定律，考虑热机耦合和两相介质热耦合，推导水饱和孔隙介质的热传导方程；考虑孔隙水和固相孔隙介质存在的三种耦合性，基于热作用下应力应变关系分析，建立了热机耦合声波传播模型；设计温度变化沉积物样品声学测量实验，当温度由2℃增加到27℃时，压缩波速度平均增大88m·s^-1运用热机耦合声波传播模型解释了实验测量结果的上升趋势，获得理论计算值与测量值相对偏差范围为-3．03％～1．19％。  

Accumulation and partitioning of seven trace metals in mangroves and sediment cores from three estuarine wetlands of Hainan Island, China

Trace metals in mangrove tissues (leaf, branch, root and fruit) of nine species and sediments of ten cores collected in 2008 from Dongzhai Harbor, Sanya Bay and Yalong Bay, Hainan Island, were analyzed. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in surface sediments were 14.8, 24.1, 57.9, 0.17, 29.6, 0.08 and 9.7 μg g(-1), whereas those in mangrove tissues were 2.8, 1.4, 8.7, 0.03, 1.1, 0.03, and 0.2 μg g(-1), respectively. Compared to those from other typical mangrove wetlands of the world, the metal levels in Hainan were at low- to median-levels, which is consistent with the fact that Hainan Island is still in low exploitation and its mangroves suffer little impact from human activities. Metal concentrations among different tissues of mangroves were different. In general, Zn and Cu were enriched in fruit, Hg was enriched in leaf, Pb, Cd and Cr were enriched in branch, and As was enriched in root. The cycle of trace metals in mangrove species were estimated. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) followed the sequence of Hg (0.43)>Cu (0.27)>Cd (0.22)>Zn (0.17)>Pb (0.07)>Cr (0.06)>As (0.02).  

Preparation and characterization of new quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/rectorite nanocomposite

Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC) was intercalated into the interlayer of rectorite (REC) to prepare QCMC/REC nanocomposite. XRD and TEM results revealed that REC was well dispersed in the polymer matrix and obtained the largest interlayer distance when the mass ratio of QCMC to REC was 2:1. FTIR, NMR and zeta-potential analyses showed that the intercalation of QCMC did not destroy the structure of REC layer, but there were hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions between QCMC and REC. Quaternized chitosan (HTCC)/REC nanocomposite was prepared and studied in parallel. The comparative analysis of the two biopolymer/clay nanocomposites indicated that the free volume and positive charge density of biopolymers were important factors that affected the intercalation of biopolymer into clay. At last, thermal analysis indicated that QCMC/REC nanocomposites had obviously higher thermal stability in comparison with QCMC. This study shows that the combination with clay materials is a functional way to expand the possible application of QCMC as drug controlled-release carriers, antimicrobial agent and pulp-cap.  

同步测量海水固有光学特性的高光谱剖面仪样机设计

基于双光路原理,研制出一种同步测量海水固有光学特性的高光谱剖面仪样机.样机用全反射管作测量吸收系数的样品池,全吸收管作测量衰减系数的样品池.使用高灵敏度的电荷耦合器(CCD)做光纤单色仪的光电探测器件,样机的光谱分辨率达到1.64nm.CCD信号的积分时间由复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)和可编程计数器自动调整.用PC104微机自动控制数据采集和数据存储.存储数据由无线通信器件下载.室内实验验证了仪器测量的稳定性和可靠性.  

海水近表层光谱辐射计系统及其控制软件设计

海洋光学浮标近表层光谱辐射计使用了8台PC2000-PC104型光纤光谱仪对海水4个层面8个通道进行光谱测量，本文介绍了光谱辐射计系统的组成、通信协议及PC2000-PC104型光纤光谱仪的光谱采集原理，特别是对于不正常的光谱采集结果进行了分析，提出了中断触发的4种可能情况，并对于光谱采集的异常现象作了解释，编写了完全封装的光谱仪数据采集类，解决了该问题。  

海底沉积物声学测量中频谱分析方法应用研究

海底沉积物声学测量数据中包含着的频谱特征和信息，是区分和判别沉积物类型的重要依据。应用频谱分析方法，研究海底沉积物声学测量的频谱特征，分析声波探测仪器的性能，判断沉积物测量异常数据，研究温度变化下频漂现象，探寻到沉积物内在特征的一些规律性现象。并通过对两类沉积物的频谱分析结果比较，进一步论证区分沉积物的可行性。实测结果表明，频谱分析能够为声波探测仪器的性能测试及海底沉积物声学物理性质研究提供技术手段和分析方法。  

All-optical switching characteristics of ethyl red doped polymer film

The azo dye ethyl red (ER) doped methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer films were prepared by the sol–gel process and the repeat-spin-coating method, the all-optical switching characteristics of the film samples were investigated experimentally at different intensities and modulation frequencies of pump beam (532 nm, CW), and the influence of the doping concentrations and the solvents on the all-optical switching effect of the films was discussed. At low pump power (8 mW), the modulation depth of 50% was obtained and the response time was near 1 ms at room temperature. Furthermore, the maximal modulation depth reaches 72%. An excellent switching performance could be obtained by choosing the proper doping concentrations (from 2 wt% to 6 wt%) of the samples, and the switching characteristics of the samples can be improved using cyclohexanone solvent. The experimental results show that ER-doped polymer has potential application in optical switching.