Interpretation of the morphology and crystallography of precipitate γ1-Ti4Nb3Al9 in L10-TiAl(Nb)-based intermetallics by invariant line theory

The coherent precipitate γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ in the Nb-modified TiAl-based intermetallic compound with a nominal composition of Ti–48 at% Al–10 at% Nb was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The crystallographic and morphologic characteristics of the precipitating phase have been calculated based on invariant line theory. It is revealed that in the γ-TiAl(Nb)/γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ couples, both the morphological and crystallographical characteristics of the precipitate γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ could be predicted by the three-dimensional phase transformation invariant line model. The needle direction of [001] at the early stage for coherent precipitate γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ and [111] for equilibrium phase γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ have both been explained well. The characterization of morphology and crystallography of the precipitate reaction in γ-TiAl/γ₁-Ti₄Nb₃Al₉ system sustain the postulate that precipitates are bounded by unrotated planes (eigenplanes) when three real eigenvalues exist.     

ITO粉的Rietveld全谱图拟合定量相分析

对ITO粉样品用Rietveld全谱图拟合法进行了定量相分析，该样品由立方晶型的In2O3和少量的四方晶系的SnO2所组成。In2O3和SnO2质量百分含量分别为94．23％和5．77％。结果表明，用Rietveld法进行了定量相分析是非常有效和准确的。     

Invariant Deformation Element Model Interpretation to the Crystallography of Diffusional Body-Centered-Cube to Face-Centered-Cube Phase Transformations

The crystallography of body-centered-cube to face-centered cube (bcc-to-fcc) diffusion phase transformations in a duplex stainless steel and a Cu-Zn alloy, including long axis, orientation relationship (OR), habit plane (HP), and dislocation spacing, is successfully interpreted with one-step rotation from the Bain lattice relationship by applying a simplified invariant line (IL) analysis. It is proposed that the dislocation slipping direction in the matrix plays an important role in controlling the crystallography of precipitation.     

钢渗铬层上金刚石薄膜的表面、界面结构及附着性

在钢渗铬层表面用化学气相沉积(CVD))法制备了金刚石薄膜.使用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和压痕法研究了金刚石膜的表面、界面结构及附着力.用拉曼光谱分析了金刚石膜的纯度及非金刚石碳相.甲烷含量超过0.6%(体积分数)后,金刚石膜为球形纳米晶,形核密度＞107cm-2.用甲烷含量为0.6%(体积分数)沉积的金刚石膜表面的残余压应力为1.22 Gpa,而膜背面的残余压应力更高,达2.61 Gpa.压痕显示在19.6 N载荷下膜发生开裂.TEM观察发现,膜/基界面为微观非平面,有利于提高金刚石膜的附着力.     

Optimal control of batteries with fully and partially available rechargeability

Motivated by the increasing dependence of many systems on battery energy, we study the problem of optimally controlling how to discharge and recharge a non-ideal battery so as to maximize the work it can perform over a given time period and still maintain a desired final energy level. Modeling a battery as a dynamic system, we adopt a Kinetic Battery Model (KBM) and formulate a finite-horizon optimal control problem when recharging is always feasible under the constraint that discharging and recharging cannot occur at the same time. The solution is shown to be of bang–bang type with the property that the battery is always in recharging mode during the last part of the interval. When the length of the time horizon exceeds a critical value, we also show that the optimal policy includes chattering. Numerical results are included to illustrate our analysis. We then extend the problem to settings where recharging is only occasionally feasible and show that it can be reduced to a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved at least numerically.     

基于MATLAB的PSS和SVC对电力传输稳定性的仿真

介绍了电力系统稳定器（PSS）和静止无功补偿器（SVC）的基本功能,并利用MATLAB仿真软件的Simulation工具箱对一个双机系统进行了建模和仿真,使用该软件能够将系统的工作过程及有关波形准确直观地显示出来。并根据仿真结果,进一步分析当发生单相短路和三相短路故障时电力系统稳定器和静止无功补偿器对电力系统电压稳定性的作用及影响。     

多效回热降膜蒸发式太阳能液体除湿空调溶液再生器的稳态实验

设计了一种具有多效回热可用于太阳能液体除湿空调系统的溶液再生器,用碘钨灯作为模拟太阳光源对系统进行了稳态实验,得到出口浓度与光辐射强度、溶液流量、强迫对流风速和入口溶液浓度的关系曲线,给出了系统性能系数与太阳光强度的关系,并对装置的传热传质关系作了简化计算,对影响系统性能的其他因素也进行了分析。实验结果表明,由于系统采用了多效回热措施,系统的回热率相对太阳辐射能来说达到32%。由实验结果估计,在晴好天气条件下,该系统每天每平方米集热器可处理LiBr溶液量(47%～52%)约86kg。     

一种新型组环式热水锅炉

设计了一种新型组环式热水锅炉独特的烟道结构，分析其基本技术特性，表明热水锅炉的换热面积小，换热效率高。为降低成本和缩小炉体体积提供了技术条件。     

基于USB密钥和映射的网上银行认证方法

基于指纹比对和USB-Key认证技术,通过把客户的十个手指指纹一一映射对应为0到9这十个数字,对USB-Key接收到的收款账号通过刷入代表不同数字的指纹进行复核比对,提出一种即使客户的交易信息被秘密篡改的情况下仍然能够保证客户账户安全的网上银行身份认证方法.在某网上银行测试系统进行的实验结果表明,该方法有效、安全.     

PWCE design with Hop-Limited p-Cycles for dynamical protection provision in WDM networks

In future high-capacity wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks; the failure of a network component such as a fiber link can lead to severe disruption in the networks' traffic. Hence, it is imperatively important to provide fast and 100% protection in WDM optical networks. In this paper, a Hop-Limited p-Cycle-based approach is employed for protected working capacity envelope (PWCE) design. The results reveal the cycle hop not only affects the total protected working units but also the blocking probability performance.