NM2:噪声地图和监测

噪声地图被公认是城市规划和管理的得力工具.不过它的可靠性和大众对它的信心在很大程度上取决于噪声地图是否可以通过利用噪声监测数据来校正和更新.此外,噪声地图应能反映因不断变化的交通情况而产生的噪声水平.通过回顾噪声地图在世界上在制作和应用上面对的问题,讨论其拥有噪卢监测功能的必要性,与作为协助决策者和广大群众做出合适决定...     

Fuel life cycle emissions for electricity consumption in the world’s gaming center-Macao SAR, China

The gaming and hospitality sector has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Concurrently energy consumption in this sector has surged significantly. This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth and introduces the 4-parameter logistic functions to model the growth of electricity consumption and other related parameters in the world’s gaming center-Macao, China. The accuracy of the growth models were assessed by using the mean absolute percentage error and the root mean squared percentage error. The paper also introduces the application of life cycle analysis to greenhouse gases emissions for electricity consumption. As Macao in recent years has imported a significant amount of electricity from a coal-fired power plant in its nearby area - Zhuhai, the impact analysis included greenhouse gases emissions from the extraction, transportation, processing, and combustion along fuel life cycles in the local power plant as well as Zhuhai’s power plant. We found that the emissions associated with the imported electricity contributed greatly to total emissions.     

城市音景的鉴定工具-声音漫步

声音存在于城市内的自然和人为环境中,声音来源可分为三个大类形：大自然声诸如风、雨、雷暴等;生命之声诸如鸟类、昆虫、宠物和动物发出的声音;人为之声如人声、音乐声、交通噪声、通风系统之噪声、建筑和拆卸工程之噪声、贸易活动产生的噪声。在最近几年,声音漫步已成为表征城市声景的方法之一。声音漫步通常通过一群人在被研究区内有代表性的典型路径的漫步。漫步者把声音录下来,也将在路径上听到的声音特点和来源记录,以及拍摄照片和在地图上标示。文章旨在为声音漫步提出一个实用指南,方便它成为城市音景的鉴定工具。     

中国澳门特别行政区与中国其他地区以及新加坡噪声法的比较

澳门新噪声法最近已经生效。澳门是一个约30平方公里的城市，也是世界博彩中心。近年澳门成为南中国一个极受欢迎的博彩和旅游城市，市民和游客几乎昼夜不停地工作和娱乐。这种独特的社会模式给澳门居民带来噪声压力。在过去的几年里，噪声是澳门主要环境问题之一，噪声投诉的数量亦一直在上升。文章介绍澳门新噪声法及其潜在挑战，同时比较澳门及邻近地区的噪声法，以作参考。