基于IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令发送方法研究

对IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令进行了研究，提出了一种基于现有IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令发送新方法。此技术充分利用了IEC 60870-5-104协议的文件发送功能，通过远程终端单元（RTU）向电厂发送包含调度命令的文本文件。考虑到调度命令在电力系统和电力市场结算系统安全方面的重要性，将该方法应用在电网调度自动化 SCADA 系统中，可以实现交换数据的更高可用性。     

氮含量及固溶温度对21-6-9奥氏体不锈钢组织和硬度的影响

为了探讨氮含量及固溶温度对21-6-9不锈钢组织和硬度的影响,分别在950、1000、1050和1100 ℃对3种不同氮含量的热轧态21-6-9不锈钢进行1 h固溶处理,通过光学显微镜观察其组织结构,结合Thermo-Calc热力学计算对试验钢的微观组织进行分析,并对其进行硬度测试。结果表明,0.20%~0.28%N的21-6-9不锈钢热轧后沿轧制方向析出铁素体,且钢中铁素体经950~1100 ℃固溶处理可消除,当N含量达到0.34%时,试验钢中不再出现铁素体。随着固溶处理温度的升高,21-6-9不锈钢的晶粒组织长大,硬度降低。N含量的增加可显著提高固溶态21-6-9不锈钢的硬度,其增加程度随固溶处理温度的升高而减弱。     

Split Enzyme-Based Biosensors for Structural Characterization of Soluble and Insoluble β-Glucans

β-Glucan is widely distributed in various plants and microorganisms and is composed of β-1,3-linked d-glucose units. It may have a branched short or long side chain of glucose units with β-1,6- or β-1,4-linkage. Numerous studies have investigated different β-glucans and revealed their bioactivities. To understand the structure-function relationship of β-glucan, we constructed a split-luciferase complementation assay for the structural analysis of long-chain β-1,6-branched β-1,3-glucan. The N- and C-terminal fragments of luciferase from deep-sea shrimp were fused to insect-derived β-1,3-glucan recognition protein and fungal endo-β-1,6-glucanase (Neg1)-derived β-1,6-glucan recognition protein, respectively. In this approach, two β-glucan recognition proteins bound to β-glucan molecules come into close proximity, resulting in the assembly of the full-length reporter enzyme and induction of transient luciferase activity, indicative of the structure of β-glucan. To test the applicability of this assay, β-glucan and two β-glucan recognition proteins were mixed, resulting in an increase in the luminescence intensity in a β-1,3-glucan with a long polymer of β-1,6-glucan in a dose-dependent manner. This simple test also allows the monitoring of real-time changes in the side chain structure and serves as a convenient method to distinguish between β-1,3-glucan and long-chain β-1,6-branched β-1,3-glucan in various soluble and insoluble β-glucans.     

高岭土性质对催化裂化催化剂性能的影响

采用X射线荧光分析仪、X射线衍射仪、N2物理吸附仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜等仪器表征了苏州、广西和美国佐治亚州3个产地的高岭土，并以此3种高岭土为原料制备了模型催化裂化（FCC）催化剂，在ACE评价装置上对比了模型催化剂的反应性能。结果表明:苏州及广西高岭土主要组分为高岭石，佐治亚高岭土主要组分为地开石及珍珠陶土；苏州高岭土呈片状，还含有少量棒状颗粒；广西高岭土呈多层片状，晶粒粒径较大；佐治亚高岭土呈薄片状，晶粒粒径较小；3种高岭土制备的模型催化剂反应活性、Na2O及RE2O3质量分数相近；广西高岭土制备的模型催化剂具有最大的孔体积和磨损指数，但比表面积最小，具有较强的重油转化能力，其目标产物（液化气+汽油）和副产物（干气+焦炭）收率都高于苏州、佐治亚高岭土制备的催化剂的。     

基于设计事理学的儿童情感陪伴玩具研究

目的 从设计事理学视角，探讨儿童情感陪伴玩具的设计方法。方法 通过社会调研结合理论分析，提炼7～12岁城市留守儿童情感陪伴玩具中“事”的各外部因素与内部因素，建立合理的儿童情感陪伴玩具设计模型及评价体系。运用案例分析法，结合儿童情感陪伴玩具设计案例与实践，验证设计事理学在实际儿童情感陪伴玩具设计中的应用价值。结论 探索儿童情感陪伴玩具的设计路径，以Combot——具有情感陪伴与寓教于乐功能的儿童情感陪伴玩具为实践案例，证明了基于设计事理学的儿童情感陪伴玩具设计方法是有效可行的，可有效指导儿童玩具设计，满足父母与孩子的情感需求，促进儿童健康成长。     

Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

广义正交码索引调制系统的性能分析

摘 要：为了提高码索引调制（code index modulation，CIM）系统的传输效率，提出了一种具有更低复杂度的单输入单输出（single input single output，SISO）的广义正交码索引调制（generalized orthogonal code index modulation，GQCIM）系统。CIM 系统使用扩频码和星座符号传输信息，但只能激活两个扩频码索引和一个调制符号。而 GQCIM 系统以一种新颖的方式克服了只激活一个调制符号的限制，同时充分利用了调制符号的正交性，增加扩频码索引以传输更多的额外信息位，提高了系统的传输效率。此外，分析了GQCIM系统的理论性能，推导了误码率性能的上界。通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了GQCIM系统的性能，对比发现GQCIM系统的理论和仿真性能一致。而且在相同的传输效率下，结果显示GQCIM系统的性能优于同样具有正交性的调制系统，如广义码索引调制（generalized code index modulation，GCIM）系统、CIM系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制（code index modulation aided quadrature spatial modulation，CIM-QSM）系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制（code index modulation aided spatial modulation，CIM-SM）系统、脉冲索引调制（pulse index modulation，PIM）系统。     

Synthesis of Hollow Three-Dimensional Channels LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 Microsphere by PEO Soft Template Assisted with Solvothermal Method

A appropriate size with three-dimension(3 D) channels for lithium diffusion plays an important role in constructing highperforming LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathode materials, as it can not only reduce the transport path of lithium ions and electrons, but also reduce the side effects and withstand the structural strain in the process of repetitive Li~+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, an e fficient method for designing the hollow LNMO microsphere with 3 D channels structure by using polyethylene oxide(PEO) as soft template agent assisted solvothermal method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that PEO can make the reagents mingle evenly and nucleate slowly in the solvothermal process, thus obtaining a homogeneous distribution of carbonate precursors. In the final LNMO products, the hollow 3 D channels structure obtained by the decomposition of PEO and carbonate precursor in the calcination can provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths during the charge/discharge process, which benefits to improve the cycling performance and rate capability. The LNMO prepared by adding 1 g PEO possesses the most outstanding electrochemical performance, which presented an excellent discharge capacity of 143.1 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C and with a capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The superior performance attributed to the 3 D channels structure of hollow microspheres, which provide uninterrupted conductive systems and therefore achieve the stable transfer for electron/ion.     

Oxidation State Modulation of Bismuth for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising strategy for ammonia (NH₃) production under ambient conditions. However, it is severely impeded by the challenging activation of the NN bond and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which makes it crucial to design electrocatalysts rationally for efficient NRR. Herein, the rational design of bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles with different oxidation states embedded in carbon nanosheets (Bi@C) as efficient NRR electrocatalysts is reported. The NRR performance of Bi@C improves with the increase of Bi⁰/Bi³⁺ atomic ratios, indicating that the oxidation state of Bi plays a significant role in electrochemical ammonia synthesis. As a result, the Bi@C nanosheets annealed at 900  ° C with the optimal oxidation state of Bi demonstrate the best NRR performance with a high NH₃ yield rate and remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 15.10  ± 0.43% at − 0.4 V versus RHE. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the effective modulation of the oxidation state of Bi can tune the p-filling of active Bi sites and strengthen adsorption of *NNH, which boost the potential-determining step and facilitate the electrocatalytic NRR under ambient conditions. This work may offer valuable insights into the rational material design by modulating oxidation states for efficient electrocatalysis.