生物反应器培养金藻生产生物柴油技术初探

本实验将金藻用生物反应器在实验室条件下进行培养,并初步优化了乙醚石油醚法从一种金藻中提取油脂的方法。金藻中富含油脂,实验研究得出,用无水乙醚和石油醚混合溶剂在体积比2：1、温度20℃[1]、提纯时间5h以上的实验条件下萃取海藻中的脂肪质量最高。皂化过程选取甲醇作为溶剂要明显优于以乙醇作为溶剂的结果,实验确定采用KOH一甲醇作为皂化试剂。     

Bio-diesel production by alkali catalyzed transesterification of dairy waste scum

The potential of using dairy waste scum as a feed stock for bio-diesel production was investigated. Present study optimized the parameters involved in transesterification process of Dairy Waste Scum Oil. Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of Dairy Waste Scum Oil. Results revealed that the low free fatty acid content was a notorious parameter to determine the viability of alkaline transesterification. The yield of bio-diesel reached 96.7% when 1.2 wt.% of Potassium Hydroxide, reaction temperature of 75 °C, 30 min of time and 6:1 Methanol oil ratio at 350 rpm. Thermo gravimetric analysis followed the evaluation of transesterification process. The present analysis confirms that bio-diesel from dairy waste scum is quit suitable as an alternative to petroleum diesel with recommended fuel properties as per ASTM standards. This new way for using dairy waste scum reduces the cost of production of bio-diesel and the problem related to the disposal of Dairy scum.     

车用柴油机燃用生物柴油的研究进展和发展前景

简要介绍了生物柴油的主要制备方法和燃料特性,综述了生物柴油对车用柴油机的低温起动性能、动力性、经济性,排放特性以及燃烧特性影响的研究进展,阐述了近期针对生物柴油研究的新对象和新方法,并探讨了生物柴油的应用前景。     

4102ZL型柴油机燃烧生物柴油的排放特性

生物柴油属可再生资源,可缓解石油资源紧缺的矛盾.本文选用4102ZL型柴油机测定生物柴油的排放性能,并与0~#柴油的排放进行了对比分析.试验表明,燃用B100大豆生物柴油的各项排放指标均有不同程度的改善.     

改善生物柴油雾化质量的试验研究

采用马尔文激光粒度分析仪,在相同喷射压力和喷孔直径下分别对柴油和生物柴油进行了对比试验研究,并且在不同喷射压力和喷孔直径下对生物柴油雾化质量的改善方法进行了试验分析。结果表明：生物柴油的雾化质量比柴油差,在提高喷射压力和减小喷孔直径的条件下可以改善生物柴油的雾化质量,使之接近柴油,并且提高喷射压力比减小喷孔直径效果更为明显。     

Hydrogen production by the thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana from storage polysaccharides of the CO2-fixing diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii

Planktic diatoms are the largest primary producers in marine and freshwater habitats. Their dry biomass accumulates up to 50% of lipids and contains water-soluble β-1,3-glucans as major storage products. Because of the world-wide abundance of these photosynthetic protists, β-1,3-glucans may rival cellulose as the polysaccharide with the highest annual production on Earth. Here we show the feasibility of a simple and efficient process leading to bio-hydrogen by dark fermentation of microalgal biomass with the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. Production of the biogas on minimum medium supplemented only with the extract of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii proved that algal biomass per se can serve as substrate for sustaining the biotechnological process with no requirement of any pretreatment and external integration of other nutrients. At the same time, lipids unused for the anaerobic production of the biogas, can be employed for production of bio-diesel, thus considerably increasing the economic potential of these renewable feedstocks.     

预喷射对生物柴油发动机排放性能的仿真分析

研究预喷射对生物柴油发动机排放性能问题,针对能源紧缺与排放法规,为了进一步降低柴油机排放,采用生物柴油替代石化柴油方法进行研究,利用GT-Suite软件建立了生物柴油发动机仿真模型,通过台架试验验证了仿真模型的准确性.对发动机在2200r/min时,采用不同生物柴油掺混比、预喷射量和预喷-主喷间隔对发动机排放和扭矩影响,建立了仿真优化方案,进行仿真的结果表明,生物柴油掺混比为5％、预喷量为5％、预喷-主喷间隔为10.CA方案对NOx和Soot排放与扭矩最优,表明上述研究对生物柴油发动机进一步优化预喷射方案具有借鉴意义.     

Use of vegetable oils as I.C. engine fuels—A review

The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum products. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain regions of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude oil. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. In addition, the use of vegetable oil as fuel is less polluting than petroleum fuels. This paper reviews the production and characterization of vegetable oil as well as the experimental work carried out in various countries in this field. In addition, the scope and challenges being faced in this area of research are clearly described.     

生物含氧燃料成分对柴油机性能影响的试验研究

将占体积比80％的柴油分别掺混20％乙醇、20％生物柴油以及10％乙醇和10％生物柴油的混合物，连同纯柴油组成E20、B20、E10810和柴油共4种燃料，在一台4缸柴油机上进行燃烧、性能及排放特性试验研究。结果表明：含氧燃料成分的不同对折合油耗率基本不产生影响，但对燃烧和排放特性影响较大。发动机燃用E20的缸内最大爆发压力较柴油要大，B20、E10810较柴油要小；含氧燃料中生物柴油的加入使最大压力升高率减小，燃烧变得柔和；含氧燃料的放热时刻均落后于柴油的放热时刻。含氧燃料成分在中低负荷下对HC和CO的排放影响较大，随着含氧燃料中乙醇比例的增加HC和CO排放增加，在中高负荷下，3种含氧燃料的HC和CO排放基本相当；除了在2300r／min的中低负荷下含氧燃料的HC和CO排放较柴油高以外，其它工况下含氧燃料的HC和CO排放较柴油要低。含氧燃料成分不同对NOx排放的影响很小，3种含氧燃料的NOx排放都比柴油低。3种含氧燃料的碳烟排放较柴油要低，而且随含氧燃料中乙醇比例的增加，碳烟排放减小。     

生物柴油喷雾特性的试验研究

基于高速摄影，采用油泵试验台拍摄了常压下生物柴油和柴油的喷雾图像，并研究了油泵转速、喷孔直径和启喷压力对生物柴油喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角等喷雾特性的影响，对燃料特性差异与喷雾特性的影响也进行了分析讨论。结果表明：生物柴油的喷雾特性在规律上与柴油基本一致，但生物柴油的喷雾贯穿距离比柴油大，而喷雾锥角约为柴油的一半。