Unified equation of state based on the lattice fluid theory for phase equilibria of complex mixtures part I. Molecular thermodynamic framework

Consistent calculation of fugacities of fluid mixtures remains as one of the most important subjects in contemporary molecular thermodynamics. In practice, equations of state (EOSs) and g^E-models have been used. However, most EOSs are erroneous for condensed phases at high densities and g^E-models are inapplicable for pressuresensitive systems. Recently to remedy the shortcomings in both approaches, there has been a surge of new g^E-EOS mixing rules. By equating any set of EOS and g^E-models, the limitations in both approaches could be resolved significantly. However, the self-consistency in the underlying concept of those mixing rules remains controversial. During the last several years, the present authors proposed a new lattice-fluid EOS and its simplification relevant to phase equilibrium calculations. Without employing any g^E-EOS mixing rule and with only two parameters for a pure component and one adjustable interaction energy parameter for a binary mixture, results obtained to date demonstrated that the EOSs are quantitatively applicable to a great variety of phase equilibrium properties of mixtures, especially, for complex and/or macromolecular systems. In the present article we summarize the EOSs and extended the applications to liquid-liquid Equilibria. In part I, we discussed briefly the molecular thermodynamic aspects of general derivation of the EOS and a brief discussion of applying the EOSs to pure fluids while the illustrative application to various real mixture systems is discussed in part II.     

含H2S井完井液用除硫剂和缓蚀剂

含H_2S井完井液对井下金属管串具有腐蚀性。采用锌基或铁基螯合物除硫剂及咪唑啉缓蚀剂可有效地防止这种腐蚀的发生。本文对H_2S的腐蚀、除硫剂和缓蚀剂产品及其对产层的损害作了介绍与探讨。     

深井重泥浆弱凝胶工艺技术初探

重泥浆强凝胶体系对钴井会产生不利影响。笔者结合川东地区的实际情况,分析了重泥浆强凝胶形成的原因和重泥浆弱凝胶的形成机制,提出了形成重泥浆弱凝胶体系的核心和设计原则,总结出了一套以正确使用泥浆添加剂并配合强有力的固控措施为主的成套深井重泥浆弱凝胶工艺技术,介绍了这套技术在川东地区的应用情况。实践证明,少用甚至不用泥浆降粘剂就可获得并维持尽可能低的静切力,使τ_s,10s为0.5—6Pα、τ_s,10min为2—12.5Pα。     

可生物降解的钻井液降滤失剂SPS的合成与性能研究

以淀粉为主要原料合成了一种可生物降解的钻井液滤失剂ＳＰＳ，考察了ＳＰＳ的生物降解性及其在淡水泥浆，盐水泥浆和海水泥浆中的性能。结果表明，ＳＰＳ具有良好的降滤失与抗温、抗污染性能，在海水中可被生物降解。     

用于铁谱分析磁化液使用规范的研究

本文简述了铁谱分析技术和磁化液的基本原理。在大量试验的基础上，建立了用于铁谱分析技术磁化液的使用规范。     

Effect of EHL Contact Conditions on the Behavior of Traction Fluids

New infinitely variable transmission (IVT) systems are under development for the automotive industry as a means to achieving significant fuel economy benefits. These systems rely on the lubricating fluid to transmit the drive train loads across the interface of the transmission components. This requires the development of new fluids that exhibit high traction properties under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) conditions. However, it has been reported recently that the traction performance of some fluids can reduce dramatically as temperature is reduced. This may place severe operational limits on IVT systems and suggests that the low-temperature traction properties of fluids for these systems should be studied in order to understand the mechanism for the observed reduction in traction.

The work reported here is an experimental study aimed at identifying whether low temperature traction reduction is related to a fundamental change in rheological behavior specific to the fluids tested or to more generic changes in the EHL contact conditions. A series of model experiments were performed using a mini traction machine (MTM) on three high-viscosity polybutene samples. The results have been mapped against previously reported non-dimensional parameters used to identify different EHL regimes. The results show that dramatic reductions in traction occur when the contact transitions from the rigid piezo-viscous (RP) toward the rigid iso-viscous (RI) region. Similar results were also found for two other high-viscosity fluids of different molecular structure and lower traction properties. The results support the hypothesis that the reduction in traction observed at low temperature is due to a change in EHL contact conditions rather than being solely due to a change in the rheological performance of the test fluids.     

植物胶压裂液用有机硼交联剂SD2-2

本文简介了液态有机硼交联剂ＳＤ２２的合成和物理特性，发表了用ＳＤ２２交联的４类６种植物胶（改性魔芋胶、改性田菁胶、改性龙胶、３种改性瓜尔胶）压裂液的配方和８０℃粘时数据。这些压裂液粘度适中，保持高粘度时间长，１０—１２ｈ可彻底破胶。从这些配方中推荐了ＣＴ９１／ＳＤ２２压裂液（用于７０—９０℃井温），详尽研究了推荐配方压裂液的各项性能。通过４个井例，简介了ＳＤ２２交联羟丙基瓜尔胶、羟丙基田菁胶压裂液在新疆、四川、吉林一些地区５０余井次现场应用的良好效果     

压裂液用有机硼锆交联剂OBZ－1

本文介绍了一种新型压裂液用交联剂——有机硼锆交联剂ＯＢＺ－１。该交联剂具有较强的耐温性及抗剪切性能，对地层的伤害较轻。讨论了该剂的交联机理     

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyl-Bridged Bicycloheptanes as Traction Fluids

The traction fluid is a critical component of a toroidal-continuously variable transmission (T-CVT). As the medium that transmits power through the toroids, the traction fluid needs to provide a high traction coefficient and retain low dynamic viscosity at cold temperatures; this is a challenging combination of properties. A comparison of a variety of fluids shows a broad correlation between the traction coefficient and the fluid's low temperature viscosity, or pour point. This work investigated a series of novel compounds as traction fluids through chemical synthesis and the measurement of their relevant physical properties. Specifically, four new alkyl-bridged bicycloheptane fluids have been synthesized and refined to high purity. Their traction coefficients, measured with a ball-on-disc traction apparatus, are comparable to those of commercial fluids over the relevant range of temperature and pressure. Their dynamic viscosities at low temperature, however, are higher than the viscosity of commercial fluids and exceed the value of 3 × 10 ⁴ cP at ?40°C. These bridged bicycloheptanes also exhibit a correlation between their low-temperature viscosity and traction coefficient. The reasons for this correlation are discussed, and the effect of the molecular structure on viscosity and traction coefficient is investigated. This analysis finds semi-quantitative relationships between fluid properties and the molecule's volume, stiffness, and ring structure.     

水基压裂液添加剂的应用与评价

本文综述水基压裂液稠化剂、交联剂、降滤失剂、破胶剂、粘土稳定剂、助排剂等主要添加剂在我国的研究、应用性能与评价，简要介绍了其它各种添加剂。