利用双扬声器的头相关传递函数动态测量

提出了一种利用双扬声器的头相关传递函数(HRTF)动态测量方法,在减轻测试条件要求的同时有效提高了测试效率.首先利用双扬声器阵列播放不相关信号,通过短时时延估计来实现人头尺寸的获取及头部运动姿态的实时跟踪;其次,在短时间内满足近似线性时不变系统的条件下,实现HRTF的多点同时测量及所需空间区域的连续测量.与FASTRA...     

基于二阶锥规划的HRTF波束形成合成方法

利用宽带波束形成器输出合成了HRTF数据.确立了波束形成器结构,建立了HRTF合成的最优问题,采用二阶锥规划最优方法得到了波束形成器的最优权向量,进而利用波束形成器的输出得到HRTF合成数据.同时结合MIT实验室的HRTF测量数据的基本特性,在求解最优问题的过程中利用了HRTF的最小相位表示,进一步降低了滤波器阶次,简化了波束形成器结构.计算机仿真和主观听觉定位实验表明,在一定频段内该方法得到的HRTF合成近似值和测量数据具有较好的一致性,验证了该方法的有效性.     

与头相关联的传递函数的测量及数据分析

关于空间听觉的研究表明对“与头相关联的传递函数（ＨＲＴＦ）”进行测量和研究备受关注。在自由声场声源的条件下，测量是由左右耳耳膜处的记录信号组成，测得的ＨＲＴＦ幅度特性的变化为声源位置的函数。本文对近年来的一些测量方法和测量数据作了研究分析     

A low cost, non-individualized surround sound system based upon head related transfer functions: an ergonomics study and prototype development

This paper reports on the types and magnitudes of localization errors of simulated binaural direction cues generated using non-individualized, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) with different levels of complexity. Four levels of complexity, as represented by the number of non-zero coefficients of the associated HRTF filters (128, 64, 32, 18 non-zero coefficients), were studied. Experiment 1 collected 1728 data runs that were exhaustive combinations of the four levels of complexity, nine simulated directions of sound (no direction (i.e., diotical-mono), 0 degrees , 45 degrees , 90 degrees , 135 degrees , 180 degrees , 225 degrees , 270 degrees , and 315 degrees azimuth angles at 0 degrees elevation), two repetitions, and 24 participants). Binaural cues generated from HRTFs of reduced complexity (from 128 to 18 non-zero coefficients) produced significantly higher localization errors for the directions of 45 degrees , 135 degrees , 225 degrees , and 315 degrees azimuth angles (p<0.01). From the directions of 0 degrees , 90 degrees , and 270 degrees azimuth angles, the cues produced by HRTFs with reduced complexity did not affect the localization error (p>0.2). Surprisingly, cues produced by HRTFs of 128 non-zero coefficients did not have the lowest number of errors. From 45 degrees , 135 degrees , 225 degrees , and 315 degrees , the lowest numbers of errors were obtained from cues produced by HRTFs of 64, 32, 32, and 64 non-zero coefficients, respectively. Based on these findings, a prototype virtual headphone-based surround-sound (VHSS) system was developed. A double-blind usability experiment with 32 participants indicated that the prototype VHSS system received significantly better surround-sound ratings than did a Dolby stereo system (p<0.02). This paper reports results from an original ergonomics study and the application of these results to the design of a consumer product.     

Interpolation of head-related transfer functions using spherical fourier expansion

A new interpolation algorithm for Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) is proposed to realize 3D sound reproduction via headphones in arbitrary spatial direction. HRTFs are modeled as a weighted sum of spherical harmonics on a spherical surface. Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is adopted to calculate the weights of the model. The truncation number is chosen according to Frobenius norm ratio and the partial condition number. Compared with other interpolated methods, our proposed approach not on...     

FASTRAK在高密度头相关传输函数测量中的应用

高密度头相关传输函数测量对声源空间方位的精度有更高要求,因此要有精度较高的声源定位装置（系统）,并对定位系统的误差进行校准。使用FASTRAK电磁追踪器对测量高密度HRTF的定位系统进行误差校准。FASTRAK的空间分辨率为0.01°,静态精度为0.15°,经定位系统精度校准后,声源方位角误差可控制在0.1°±0.15°的范围内。文中测量高密度HRTF数据库的最小方位角间隔为2.5°,上述误差基本满足测量要求。     

一种机载三维音频技术的快速计算方法

针对机载三维音频应用的实时性需求，提出了一种基于单耳相对头相关传递函数和改进型混响模型的机载三维音频快速实现方法，在较传统实现方式性能无明显下降的情况下降低了80%的计算量。对提出的算法在F-16战斗机模拟强噪声环境下进行相关主观试听实验，同时在某型飞机音频系统中实验验证。实验结果表明,所提方法在实时处理3路三维音频时，三维音频方位分辨精度在5°以内，可满足实际机载平台使用需求。     

基于TMS320C6416的3D虚拟声合成系统

本文设计了一套基于TMS320C6416芯片的3D虚拟声合成系统。利用头相关传输函数HRTF产生适用于耳机回放的3D虚拟声,使用DSP的库函数实现合成操作,通过设置中断服务程序使DSP以双缓冲机制输出音频,编写芯片的二次加载程序(bootloader)实现整个系统的脱机运行。最后通过TLC16C550芯片实现DSP与PC通信,完成测听实验。结果显示,本系统的测听方位感正确率能达到95%,且执行效率较PC上有显著提高。     

头部尺寸对头相关传输函数的影响

对不同尺寸大小的椭球简化头模进行HRTF仿真计算与实际测量,分析了头部尺寸对HRTF的影响.结果表明头部尺寸对HRTF幅度谱的影响,表现为不同尺寸头模对应的HRTF幅度值与谷点尖锐度会有一定的差异,而谷点位置基本不变.声源位于不同方位时,头部尺寸对HRTF幅度谱的影响大小不同.相比于耳朵同侧,声源位于耳朵异侧时差异更大...     

头部官能结构对HRTF的影响及主观验证实验

为了研究声学头模上不同的头部官能结构对头相关传输函数(Head-Related Transfer Function,HRTF)及录音听感上的影响,对具有不同官能结构的头模进行HRTF测量和对比分析,得出头部不同官能结构对HRTF的影响。进一步的主观评价实验也验证了不同的头部官能结构对于声源定位的影响程度不同这一结论。其中,耳廓对声源定位的影响较大,是不可缺少的一个结构,而有无鼻子、头发等其他细节官能结构对声源定位产生的影响则要弱得多,同时这些头部官能结构对听感上的影响与声源类型和入射方向的关系十分密切。