On the CFD modelling of hydrogen dispersion at low-Reynolds number release in closed facility

Hydrogen release inside closed facilities could cause explosions with harmful consequences. Safety assessment should be performed, in order to design prevention and mitigation measures in case of such an accident. A numerical study for helium (as hydrogen surrogate) accumulation inside a closed facility representative of a real-scale garage at low release rate is conducted. Due to the nature of the examined flow several turbulence modelling approaches (RANS and LES type) and the laminar approach are examined with the aim to evaluate their predictive capabilities in flows resulting from low-Reynolds number leaks. Best practice guidelines are followed in the simulations, several sensitivity studies are performed and different grid types are examined. The comparison of computational results with experimental data shows that RANS and LES approaches reproduce well the gas distribution inside the facility, while laminar approach predicts more enhanced stratification at the release phase. Statistical Performance Measures are used to evaluate the models and narrower acceptable ranges are suggested for releases in indoor configurations compared to open environments.     

Natural ventilation in buildings: measurement in a wind tunnel and numerical simulation with large-eddy simulation

Natural ventilation in buildings can create a comfortable and healthy indoor environment, and can save energy compared to mechanical ventilation systems. In building design the prediction of ventilation can be difficult; cases of wind-driven single-sided ventilation, where the effects of turbulence dominate, are particularly problematic to simulate. In order to investigate the mechanism of natural ventilation driven by wind force, large-eddy simulation (LES) is used. In the meanwhile, detailed airflow fields, such as mean and fluctuating velocity and pressure distribution inside and around building-like models were measured by wind tunnel tests and compared to LES results for model validation. Three ventilation cases, single-sided ventilation with an opening in windward wall, single-sided ventilation with an opening in leeward wall, and cross ventilation, are studied. In the wind tunnel, a laser Doppler anemometry was used to provide accurate and detailed velocity data. In LES calculations, two subgrid-scale (SS) models, a Smagorinsky SS model and a filtered dynamic SS model, were used. The numerical results from LES are in good agreement with the experimental data, in particular with the predicted airflow patterns and velocities around and within, and the surface pressures over, the models. This is considered to establish confidence in the application of the LES methods to the calculation of ventilation in buildings, in particular for single-sided ventilation cases.     

泥浆立管系统振动仿真分析

泥浆立管在工作时会产生较大振动,分析了引起振动的主要原因。采用有限元方法计算了立管系统的固有频率,并使用CFD方法分析了泥浆自身脉动激励现象。通过对比计算,确定了大涡湍流模拟方法适用于流体脉动现象仿真。计算结果表明:泥浆自身脉动激励不是立管振动的主要因素,同时提出了有效遏制立管振动的方法和建议。     

Numerical study of the near-field of highly underexpanded turbulent gas jets

For safety issues related to the storage of gases (e.g. hydrogen) under high pressure, it is necessary to determine how the gas is released in the case of failure. In particular, there exist limited quantitative information on the near-field properties of gas jets, which are important for establishing proper decay laws in the far-field. Simulations of the near-field of highly underexpanded (high pressure) gas jets have been performed using Finite-Volume solver of the CAST3M code and validated using several sources available in the literature. The numerical model solves the 3D Compressible Multi-Component Navier–Stokes equations directly without relying on the compressibility-corrected turbulence models. It provides sufficiently fair mean predictions both in the case of one-component air–air and two-component helium-air releases. Possible initial conditions for the far-field simulations are suggested in terms of distance from the source, as well as the turbulence characteristics and gas-dynamic parameters at this location. In addition, these results are used to evaluate several notional nozzle concepts in order to determine the one physically consistent.     

原木楞堆火灾烟温变化数值模拟研究

采用大涡模拟燃烧模型,应用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对原木楞堆燃烧过程中的温度场和烟气变化规律进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明,300 s后,原木楞堆燃烧由不稳定状态转变为稳定燃烧状态,烟气出现明显的分层;原木楞堆垂直上方温度与水平距离大致呈双Lorentzian曲线规律,而楞堆周围的水平空间保持一个稳定的温度值。     

汽车风振噪声的空气射流结构优化

风振噪声的控制研究目前是汽车领域的研究热点与重点之一。通过数值模拟分析研究了空气射流方法对风振噪声的抑制效果。运用大涡模拟(LES),引入更加准确有效的声品质评价参数,分别对天窗和右后窗的空气射流结构进行优化分析,得到了最优结构参数结果。仿真结果表明,空气射流结构对风振噪声的抑制效果显著。     

Large-eddy-simulation-based multiscale modeling of TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis in a turbulent flame reactor using detailed nucleation chemistry

In this work, we present a multiscale computational model for flame synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles in a turbulent flame reactor. The model is based on large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology in conjunction with detailed gas-phase chemical kinetics to accurately model the highly complicated combustion and nucleation processes in a turbulent flame. A flamelet-based model is used to model turbulence–chemistry interactions. In particular, the transformation of TiCl₄ to the solid primary nucleating TiO₂ nanoparticles is represented using an unsteady kinetic model considering 30 species and 69 reactions in order to accurately describe the important event of nanoparticle formation. The evolution of the TiO₂ number density function is tracked using the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). For validation purposes, the detailed computational model is compared against experimental data and reasonable agreement is obtained.