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1.
Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the real gas effects on shock/expansion fan interaction. Initial perfect gas simulations at low enthalpy capture the flow structures efficiently and outcomes are found to have excellent agreement with the analytical calculations. Furthermore, the simulations with the real gas solver for different enthalpies showed that the variation in enthalpy significantly changes the flow structures. It is observed that an increase in enthalpy leads to a decrease and increase in the postshock and postexpansion fan Mach numbers, respectively. Another important observation is the decrement in the peak pressure ratio with an increment in the enthalpy. These effects are noted to be more pronounced for Mars's environment due to the higher dependency of specific heat on temperature.  相似文献   
2.
在重力和风力等自然因素的影响下,实际海面呈现动态起伏变化形态。粗糙的起伏海表面会影响数据处理过程中鬼波算子估算的准确度,进而影响鬼波压制效果。为研究起伏海表面下鬼波对地震记录的影响,基于PM (Pierson-Moscowitz)海浪谱计算模型,首先,将不同时刻的静态粗糙海表面进行组合,得到连续时刻的动态海表面以逼近真实动态起伏海表面;然后,采用克希霍夫近似法,分别提出动态起伏海表面下非脉冲震源鬼波和检波器鬼波的建模方法。合成数据测试结果表明,提出的建模方法可有效模拟更符合真实动态海表面的地震记录,并可用来测试鬼波压制算法的实际效果。  相似文献   
3.
With the rapid growth of wireless communication devices, the influences of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health are gathering increasing attention. Since the skin is the largest organ of the body and is located at the outermost layer, it is considered a major target for the health effects of EMF. Skin pigmentation represents one of the most frequent symptoms caused by various non-ionizing radiations, including ultraviolet radiation, blue light, infrared, and extremely low frequency (ELF). Here, we investigated the effects of EMFs with long-term evolution (LTE, 1.762 GHz) and 5G (28 GHz) bandwidth on skin pigmentation in vitro. Murine and Human melanoma cells (B16F10 and MNT-1) were exposed to either LTE or 5G for 4 h per day, which is considered the upper bound of average smartphone use time. It was shown that neither LTE nor 5G exposure induced significant effects on cell viability or pigmentation. The dendrites of MNT-1 were neither lengthened nor regressed after EMF exposure. Skin pigmentation effects of EMFs were further examined in the human keratinocyte cell line (MNT-1-HaCaT) co-culture system, which confirmed the absence of significant hyper-pigmentation effects of LTE and 5G EMFs. Lastly, MelanoDerm™, a 3D pigmented human epidermis model, was irradiated with LTE (1.762 GHz) or 5G (28 GHz), and image analysis and special staining were performed. No changes in the brightness of MelanoDerm™ tissues were observed in LTE- or 5G-exposed tissues, except for only minimal changes in the size of melanocytes. Collectively, these results imply that exposure to LTE and 5G EMFs may not affect melanin synthesis or skin pigmentation under normal smartphone use condition.  相似文献   
4.
准噶尔盆地腹部地区地表主要是沙漠区和公益林区,从东西向剖面分析得知这两种地表对应的波组特征、频率及相位特征差异明显,造成了地震剖面上明显的“阴阳脸”现象。为此,针对不同地表的单炮记录,分析初至频谱存在“陷波”特征的原因;结合表层结构及正演模型论证分析,认为复杂近地表多次波是产生“阴阳脸”现象的主要因素;明确了陷波强弱及产生的具体位置,进而提出基于旅行时差异及自相关第一波谷时间差异的空变预测步长反褶积技术,对该区近地表多次波压制效果明显,改善和消除了“阴阳脸”现象。该方法在准噶尔盆地腹部其他区块中推广应用,均见到良好效果。  相似文献   
5.
Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.  相似文献   
6.
鉴于金属光子晶体结构在滤波、极化、传感、成像等领域的重要作用,研究了基于三角形晶格的金属光子晶体的超常透射、光子能带和表面波特性。采用三维时域有限差分法对金属光子晶体结构建模,同时解释超常透射机理;推导和讨论光子能带沿着ΓK和ΓM晶格方向的能带图,分析不同的表面波特征,并解释非对称入射下观察到的三角形的两个晶格方向模式分裂效应;建立了描述这种模式分裂效应的精确的表面模式谐振频率公式,并对金属光子晶体的色散进行了定量分析。研究结果可为太赫兹功能器件的研究提供参考。  相似文献   
7.
Repair and replacement of offshore wind turbine blades are necessary for current and future offshore wind turbines. To date, repair activities are often conducted using huge jack‐up crane vessels and by applying a reverse installation procedure. Because of the high costs associated with installation and removal of offshore wind turbine components and the low profit margin of the offshore wind industry, alternative methods for installation and removal are needed. This paper introduces a novel concept for replacement or installation of offshore wind turbine blades. The concept involves a medium‐sized jack‐up crane vessel and a tower climbing mechanism. This mechanism provides a stable platform for clamping, lowering, and lifting of a blade. A case study of a 5‐MW offshore wind turbine is shown, where common engineering practices were applied and numerical simulations of the marine operations were carried out using finite element and multibody simulation tools. Operational limits for wave and wind actions were established to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed concept.  相似文献   
8.
9.
This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen additions on spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen released into hydrogen-air mixture. Hydrogen and air are premixed with different volume concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% H2) in the tube before high-pressure hydrogen is suddenly released. Pressure transducers are employed to detect the shock waves, estimate the mean shock wave speed and record the shock wave overpressure. Light sensors are used to determine the occurrence of high-pressure hydrogen spontaneous ignition in the tube. A high-speed camera is used to capture the flame propagation behavior outside the tube. It is found that only 5% hydrogen addition could decrease the minimum storage pressure required for spontaneous ignition from 4.37 MPa to 2.78 MPa significantly. When 10% or 15% hydrogen is added to the air, the minimum storage pressure decreases to 2.81 MPa and 1.85 MPa, respectively. When hydrogen addition increases to 20%, the spontaneous ignition even takes place at burst pressure as low as 1.79 MPa inside the straight tube.  相似文献   
10.
Microfluidic fluorescence‐activated cell sorters (μFACS) have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to identify and separate cells in inexpensive and biosafe ways. Here a high‐performance μFACS is presented by integrating a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)‐based, 3D cell‐focusing unit, an in‐plane fluorescent detection unit, and an SSAW‐based cell‐deflection unit on a single chip. Without using sheath flow or precise flow rate control, the SSAW‐based cell‐focusing technique can focus cells into a single file at a designated position. The tight focusing of cells enables an in‐plane‐integrated optical detection system to accurately distinguish individual cells of interest. In the acoustic‐based cell‐deflection unit, a focused interdigital transducer design is utilized to deflect cells from the focused stream within a minimized area, resulting in a high‐throughput sorting ability. Each unit is experimentally characterized, respectively, and the integrated SSAW‐based FACS is used to sort mammalian cells (HeLa) at different throughputs. A sorting purity of greater than 90% is achieved at a throughput of 2500 events s?1. The SSAW‐based FACS is efficient, fast, biosafe, biocompatible and has a small footprint, making it a competitive alternative to more expensive, bulkier traditional FACS.  相似文献   
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