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FRANCESCO PADUANO EMANUELA ALTOMARE BENEDETTA MARRELLI VINCENZO DATTILO HAIZAL MOHD HUSSAINI PAUL ROY COOPER MARCO TATULLO 《Biocell》2022,46(8):1827-1835
Oral Cancer (OC) is one of the most recurrent cancers in the head and neck squamous cancer (SCCHN)
category. Recently, the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have gained growing interest in the scientific
community. GWAS have identified several pathways involved in the interactions among general risk factors and
genomic variants affecting SCCHN. This systematic overview aims to critically evaluate the latest data reported within
the scientific literature. The aim was to investigate the impact of genetic aspects on SCCHN onset and prognosis,
involving other clinical and systemic co-factors. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cancer Genetics Web databases have
been systematically investigated for original articles published in the last two years, reporting studies on the main
queries addressed in this work. This review also comparatively describes the impact of environmental and
pathological co-factors in different types of cancers, clarifying and updating the role of genetic factors in SCCHN
onset and development. The main outcomes reported may be helpful to drive clinicians towards their clinical
evaluations for the most appropriate therapeutic approach in SCCHN. 相似文献
3.
Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert J. Letcher Jan Ove Bustnes Christian Sonne Mathilakath M. Vijayan 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(15):2995-10202
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark. 相似文献
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Cecília A.C. César Solon V. Carvalho 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2015,28(5):910-927
The IEEE 802.16 standard for wireless broadband networks includes the mesh mode in its specifications, where network nodes interact to deliver packets from a client to a remote destination through intermediate nodes. This paper presents a study of the capacity of IEEE 802.16 wireless networks in mesh mode by using M/G/1/L queuing model that represents each network node by incorporating the features of the standard in order to calculate the average delay and throughput in the node. An iterative method integrates the calculation results at each node, obtaining the end‐to‐end delay from any node of the mesh to the Base Station. Because of multiple hops, a node far from the Base Station may have its flows damaged. To minimize this problem, we propose a criterion for a fair distribution of resources. We show the numerical results of the model which indicate a good fit when compared with simulation results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
This paper presents the first IEEE 802.16m medium access control (MAC) protocol module embedded in the network simulator version 3 (ns-3). The designed module provides a validation tool for researchers to verify simulated results related to the IEEE 802.16m. This module supports the basic MAC functions which includes an initial ranging (IR) function; four types of bandwidth request (BR) procedures; five types of standard-specified quality-of-service (QoS); a QoS-based transmission scheduler; an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) selection function; a physical (PHY) layer with a channel propagation model. The designed module provides modification flexibility to adapt to other simulation modules. Various scenarios are simulated to show the capacity of the implemented IEEE 802.16m module in details. Results of different types of traffic are tested with the path loss effect on transmission to visualize the numeric capability of the module. 相似文献
7.
付学 《计算机光盘软件与应用》2012,(4):193-194
计算机节能是节能减排的一项举措,通过编制程序来获取目的计算机的活动性,有效的掌握计算机开机情况。 相似文献
8.
《Computer Languages, Systems and Structures》2014,40(3-4):137-154
It is well-known that the Dolev–Yao adversary is a powerful adversary. Besides acting as the network, intercepting, decomposing, composing and sending messages, he can remember as much information as he needs. That is, his memory is unbounded. We recently proposed a weaker Dolev–Yao like adversary, which also acts as the network, but whose memory is bounded. We showed that this Bounded Memory Dolev–Yao adversary, when given enough memory, can carry out many existing protocol anomalies. In particular, the known anomalies arise for bounded memory protocols, where although the total number of sessions is unbounded, there are only a bounded number of concurrent sessions and the honest participants of the protocol cannot remember an unbounded number of facts or an unbounded number of nonces at a time. This led us to the question of whether it is possible to infer an upper-bound on the memory required by the Dolev–Yao adversary to carry out an anomaly from the memory restrictions of the bounded protocol. This paper answers this question negatively (Theorem 8). 相似文献
9.
该文主要阐述在FPGA(Field—Programmable Gate Array)内千兆以太网协议数据流帧的生成、编码、组帧、解帧及协议帧分析,详细地阐述了BCM5421和FPGA组合的硬件设计技术、协议发生的FPGA设计技术、协议解码、过滤、性能分析的FPGA设计技术等关键技术的实现途径。 相似文献
10.