用层次分析法(AHP)确定QFD中客户需求权重

客户需求权重的确定是质量功能配置(QFD)实现过程中的重要一环，然而传统的确定权重的方法都有各自的缺陷。本文采用层次分析法(AHP)来确定客户需求的权重，首先建立了评价模型，并构造出比较判断矩阵，然后通过层次排序和一致性检验，最终获得了接近实际的客户需求权重结果。文章最后以某企业所生产的车床的客户需求为例，验证了用AHP法来确定QFD中客户需求权重的可行性。     

QFD质量职能扩展简介

介绍ＱＦＤ（质量职能扩展）的发展历史及其具体的操作过程。     

QFD: The problem of comparing technical/engineering design requirements

An approach based on multiple-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods has been introduced for the prioritization of technical/engineering design requirements during the quality function deployment (QFD) process. The proposed method allows the avoidance of the rigid procedure under which the relationship matrix coefficients are turned from an ordinal into a cardinal scale. A comparison analysis is carried out between the traditional approach and the proposed one. A numerical example is also provided so as to highlight the main differences between the two methods.     

An integrated approach for rating engineering characteristics’ final importance in product-service system development

Product-service system (PSS) approach has emerged as a competitive strategy to impel manufacturers to offer a set of product and services as a whole. A three-domain PSS conceptual design framework based on quality function deployment (QFD) is proposed in this research. QFD is a widely used design tool considering customer requirements (CRs). Since both product and services influence satisfaction of customer, they should be designed simultaneously. Identification of the critical parameters in these domains plays an important role. Engineering characteristics (ECs) in the functional domain include product-related ECs (P-ECs) and service-related ECs (S-ECs). ECs are identified by translating customer requirements (CRs) in the customer domain. Rating ECs’ importance has a great impact on achieving an optimal PSS planning. The rating problem should consider not only the requirements of customer, but also the requirements of manufacturer. From the requirements of customer, the analytic network process (ANP) approach is integrated in QFD to determine the initial importance weights of ECs considering the complex dependency relationships between and within CRs, P-ECs and S-ECs. In order to deal with the vagueness, uncertainty and diversity in decision-making, the fuzzy set theory and group decision-making technique are used in the super-matrix approach of ANP. From the requirements of manufacturer, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is applied to adjust the initial weights of ECs taking into account business competition and implementation difficulty. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed integrated approach for prioritizing ECs in PSS conceptual design.     

基于QFD和TRIZ理论相结合的产品质量的评估方法研究

现代社会消费者对产品的评价指标是衡量产品质量优劣的标准,如何对消费者的需求进行科学的评估成为提升产品质量,推动企业进步的一项重要因素。文章结合QFD和TRIZ理论的研究方式,将顾客的感性需求进行量化分析,为产品质量评估提供了量化的理论与方法,并通过实例进行合理的分析论证。     

Technical importance ratings in fuzzy QFD by integrating fuzzy normalization and fuzzy weighted average

Fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) has been extensively used for translating customer requirements (CRs) into product design requirements (DRs) in fuzzy environments. Existing approaches, however, for rating technical importance of DRs in fuzzy environments are found problematic, either incorrect or inappropriate. This paper investigates how the technical importance of DRs can be correctly rated in fuzzy environments. A pair of nonlinear programming models and two equivalent pairs of linear programming models are developed, respectively, to rate the technical importance of DRs. The developed models are examined and illustrated with two numerical examples.     

Application of the QFD as a design approach to ensure comfort in using hand tools: Can the design team complete the House of Quality appropriately?

Quality Function Deployment is proposed as an effective design method to integrate ergonomics needs and comfort into hand tool design because it explicitly addresses the translation of customer needs into engineering characteristics. A crucial step during QFD concerns the linking of engineering characteristics to customer needs in the House of Quality by the design team. It is generally assumed (looking at all the QFD success stories) that design teams can accurately predict the correlations between customer needs and engineering characteristics (also referred to as “Whats”/“Hows” correlations). This paper explicitly tests this assumption by comparing the “Whats”/“Hows” correlations estimated by a design team with those observed in a systematic user evaluation study, which has not been done before. Testing the assumption is important, because inaccurate estimates may lead to ergonomically ineffective (re)design of hand tools and a waste of company resources. Results revealed that the design team's correlation estimates were not as accurate as is generally assumed. Twenty-five percent of the estimates differed significantly with those observed in the user evaluation study. Thus, QFD is a useful method to assist design teams in designing ergonomically more comfortable hand tools, but only on the condition that the correlations between customer needs and engineering characteristics are validated, preferably by means of a systematic user evaluation study.     

基于模具设计质量控制的软件系统设计

针对模具质量过程控制中的特殊性，提出模具质量过程控制应以设计质量控制为主，进而系统地介绍了主要针对塑料模具设计的模具设计质量控制体系。系统采用结构化程序设计方法，包括模具设计标准、模具设计评价和模具设计历史数据库数据挖掘三个主要的功能模块。利用该系统可以更好地指导模具设计，评价模具设计质量，对设计质量进行预测和诊断。     

基于QFD理论的洗衣机界面的设计与研究

质量功能展开(QFD),即质量屋的建造,是在整合产品生命周期内对产品功能质量进行分析、展开的理论方法。综合考虑客户要求、技术要求、市场状况以及其相互间的作用关系对产品质量、功能的影响。着重阐述质量屋的生成过程。并以洗衣机为例,建立分析、评价模型,构造相关要素矩阵,形成洗衣机的设计流程以及方法。     

Using integrated quality function deployment and theory of innovation problem solving approach for ergonomic product design

A multidisciplinary approach integrating method of identification of customer satisfaction needs (CSNs), the House of Quality (HoQ) chart of quality function deployment (QFD), theory of innovation problem solving (TRIZ) and fuzzy group decision-making theory for ergonomic product innovative design and evaluation in the early design stages was proposed. An integrated model and the approach procedures consists of four steps. In step 1, identification of CSNs is based on a data source triangulation approach, questionnaire survey, 5-point liner numeric rating scale, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha statistic are utilized to guarantee that the CSNs are complete and reliable. In step 2, a correlation matrix is built to identify the critical ergonomic design areas and the key problems are established by analysis of the negative relationships obtained from interrelationship half-matrix at the roof of the HoQ. In step 3, to solve the problems, TRIZ main tools and contradiction analysis are utilized. Several innovative alternatives are generated by combining appropriate Inventive Principles of TRIZ, the critical ergonomic design areas and the ergonomic design principles. In step 4, a general and easy fuzzy group decision-making method for evaluating of the best design alternatives is presented. A case study of the integrated kitchen stove innovative design and evaluation is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.