电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锡铅焊料中11种杂质元素

锡铅焊料中的杂质元素对焊点的抗氧化性、润湿性、扩展面积有重要影响,因此对其进行测定意义重大。采用硝酸、氢氟酸溶解样品,选择H₂动态反应池模式测定Fe,标准模式测定Al、P、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ag、Sb、Au、Bi,同时以Sc校正Al、P、Fe、Cu,以Cs校正Zn、As、Ag、Cd,以Tl校正Sb、Au、Bi,实现了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对锡铅焊料中这11种杂质元素含量的测定。在优化的实验条件下,11种杂质元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限在0.002~0.80μg/g范围内,测定下限在0.007~2.73μg/g范围内。用建立的实验方法测定锡铅焊料样品中Al、P、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ag、Sb、Au、Bi,平行测定11次结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.85%~3.5%,加标回收率为90%~110%。将实验方法应用于锡铅焊料标准物质YT9302中Al、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Bi共7种杂质元素的测定,结果与认定值一致。     

Low cycle fatigue behavior of a eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy

The eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy is widely used in high power electronics and optoelectronics packaging. In this study, low cycle fatigue behavior of a eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy is reported. The 80Au/20Sn solder shows a quasi-static fracture characteristic at high strain rates, and then gradually transforms from a transgranular fracture (dominated by fatigue damage) to intergranular fracture (dominated by creep damage) at low strain rates with increasing temperature. Coffin-Manson and Morrow models are proposed to evaluate the low cycle fatigue behavior of the 80Au/20Sn solder. Besides, the 80Au/20Sn solder has enhanced fatigue resistance compared to the 63Sn/37Pb solder.     

Thermal reliabilities of Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.1Al2O3/Cu solder joint

The effects of trace addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) on thermal reliabilities of Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu/Cu solder joints were investigated. Experimental results showed that trace addition of Al₂O₃ NPs could increase the isotheraml aging (IA) and thermal cyclic (TC) lifetimes of Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu/Cu joint from 662 to 787 h, and from 1597 to 1824 cycles, respectively. Also, trace addition of Al₂O₃ NPs could slow down the shear force reduction of solder joint during thermal services, which was attributed to the pinning effect of Al₂O₃ NPs on hindering the growth of grains and interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Theoretically, the growth coefficients of interfacial IMCs in IA process were calculated to be decreased from 1.61×10^-10 to 0.79×10^-10 cm²/h in IA process, and from 0.92×10^-10 to 0.53×10^-10 cm²/h in TC process. This indicated that trace addition of Al₂O₃ NPs can improve both IA and TC reliabilities of Sn-0.5Ag- 0.7Cu/Cu joint, and a little more obvious in IA reliability.     

A Modular Solder System with Hierarchical Morphology and Backward Compatibility

A modular solder system with hierarchical morphology and micro/nanofeatures in which solder nanoparticles are distributed on the surface of template micropowders is reported. A core–shell structure of subsidiary nanostructures, which improved the intended properties of the modular solder is also presented. In addition, polymer additives can be used not only as an adhesive (like epoxy resin) but also to impart other functions. By combining all of these, it is determined that the modular solder system is able to increase reflowability on a heat‐sensitive plastic substrate, oxidation resistance, and electrical conductivity. In this respect, the system could be readily modified by changing the structure and composition of each constituent and adopting backward compatibility with which the knowledge and information attained from a previously designed solder can offer feedback toward further improving the properties of a newly designed one. In practice, In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles engineered on the surface of Sn–Zn micropowders result in pronounced reflowing on a flexible Au‐coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate even at the low temperature of 110 °C. Depending on their respective concentrations, the incorporation of CuO@CeO₂ nanostructures and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymers increases oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the modular solder.     

Shear analysis of rice husk ash (RHA) reinforced tin-0.7-copper composite solders on electroless nickel/immersion silver (ENIAg) surfaces

In this study, the mechanical performance of the rice husk ash-reinforced tin-0.7 copper composite solder was investigated. 0.01 wt.%, 0.05 wt.% and 0.1 wt.% of rice husk ash (RHA) were added to the solder matrix to prepare the composite solders. In order, to replace the costly electroless nickel immersion gold surface finish on the copper substrate, the effect of electroless nickel immersion silver (ENIAg) as the surface finish was studied. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the composite solder exhibited lower melting temperature relative to the plain solder owing to the inclusion of rice husk ash. Shear strength analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of rice husk ash and electroless nickel immersion silver surface finish on the shear strength of the developed composite solders. The results proved that the rice husk ash failed to enhance the shear strength of tin-0.7 copper lead-free solder with the plain solder exhibiting the highest shear strength.     

Ultrasonic-assisted wetting and soldering of AlN ceramic by using a nonactive solder (Sn9Zn) in air

AlN ceramic was successfully wetted and then joined with nonactive Sn9Zn eutectic solder assisted by ultrasonication in air. The effect of ultrasonic time on the formation of joint was studied. Results indicated that the defect-free joint can be obtained at an ultrasonic time of 5 s. Two regions, namely, AlN/Sn (s,_s) and AlN/Zn (s,_s), were found in the bonding interface. Zn and O accumulated in the AlN/Sn (s,_s) interface. An amorphous and nanocrystalline layer of ZnO formed in the hard-wet AlN surface. And Zn (s,_s) directly bonded with AlN. The low temperature and fast bonding of the AlN was attributed to the high pressure and temperature caused by cavitation effect. The shear strength of the joint increased from 10.6 MPa to 30.7 MPa when the ultrasonic treatment time increased from 5 s to 150 s. With the prolongation of ultrasonic time, more AlN ceramic particles entered the solder and acted as the reinforcing phase.     

不同剪切速率下锡银铜系/镍金焊点的断裂行为研究

对锡银铜系高可靠性焊料合金的研究虽然已经较为广泛,但是缺乏对其焊点在不同应变速率下的剪切强度和断裂模式的研究。本文将牌号为SAC305和Innolot不同成分的锡银铜系焊料合金锡膏印刷在镍金镀层(Ni(P)/Au)上回流成BGA焊点,采用DAGE 4000 HS焊接强度测试仪进行不同剪切速率下的剪切性能测试,并对其剪切曲线、剪切强度及断裂能进行计算和分析,再采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对焊点界面微观结构及断口进行表征分析。结果表明：合金本身成分的差异导致焊点界面金属间化合物层(IMC层)厚度和分布存在差异,随着剪切速率的增加,SAC305和Innolot合金焊点的强度总体上都随之增加,且焊点的断裂模式由焊点基体内部的韧性断裂向界面金属间化合物脆性断裂发生转变,Innolot合金由于其他金属元素添加导致的强化作用使得其剪切强度得到较大提升而塑性损伤。     

浅谈大同北岳联合厂房焊接球网架安装方法

总结了大同北岳联合厂房焊接球节点网架安装施工经验,详细介绍了焊接球网架安装方法,指出利用拼装单元网格作为滑移平台,高空散装法安装网架结构可以解决吊车无法吊装到位的困难,且又节省拼装费用,对类似工程具有一定的指导作用。     

50mm厚度16Mn系列钢两次疲劳试验研究的启示

对冶金建筑总院1982年、1993年两次16Mn系列钢疲劳试验研究报告进行了对比分析,利用试验数据研究了原试验目的之外的课题:不同韧性钢材开孔应力集中、不同韧性焊材、K型对接焊缝焊趾角α、拉伸试件带肋断弧及弯曲试件K型对接焊缝对疲劳强度的影响,并对后三个课题提出了修正补充和建议,还对吊车梁焊透的T形焊缝焊角尺寸t_w/2降至t_w/4可行性试验结果进行了解释.本文可供《钢结构设计规范》(GBJ17—88)修订时参考.     

低银无铅钎料的拉伸力学性能

对比研究了SAC305、SAC0307、SAC0307X共3种无铅钎料在不同环境温度和加载速率下的力学性能。结果表明,合金元素Ni、P等的添加能有效改善低Ag钎料的拉伸力学性能,但对钎料韧性提高有限;低Ag钎料SAC0307在55℃下的强度和韧性均低于SAC305钎料,而在85℃其韧性优于SAC305钎料。在55℃和85℃条件下,钎料合金拉伸力学性能均显著下降,在加载速率20 mm/min和55℃条件下,SAC305综合力学性能更有优势;而在85℃,低Ag无铅钎料SAC0307具备优势,因此低银无铅钎料应用需要进一步改善其在40~60℃范围的综合力学性能。