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1.
曝光工艺中经离心涂敷后抗蚀剂胶层的均匀性对曝光线宽有很大的影响。为了得到高速旋转下抗蚀剂胶体在凹面衬底上所形成膜层厚度的均匀性,在凹面衬底上建立了非牛顿流体微元经离心旋转的流体动力学模型。根据对应的边界条件、非牛顿流体的本构方程和连续性方程,推导并得到了流体性质、曲面面形、旋转速度和时间等因素与最终厚度的关系式。使用流变仪对950 K PMMA C 2%抗蚀剂的流体性质进行标定,在凹面衬底上以旋转速度为单一变量进行离心涂胶实验,使用光谱椭圆偏振仪测量离心后随矢量半径变化的胶体厚度,并与理论推导进行对比。实验结果表明:旋转速度在2000 r/min时,理论厚度为267 nm,实验所测厚度为230 nm,偏差比率为13.86%;旋转速度在3000 r/min时,理论厚度为178 nm,实验所测厚度为172 nm,偏差比率为3.37%。考虑到涂胶后,前烘工艺会进一步减小胶层厚度,偏差在正常范围内。本文建立的数学模型具有较好的预见性,可以对胶体经旋转离心后的均匀性提供理论指导。  相似文献   
2.
柿漆作为天然染料,其染色织物具有防水防腐的优点。以赋予棉织物抗菌性和紫外防护性能为目的,采用柿漆对棉织物进行直接染色处理。利用扫描电子显微镜观察棉织物的表观形态,PhabrOmeter织物手感评价测试仪测定织物风格,得到染色棉织物存在硬化问题;探究染色次数和染液浓度对棉织物K/S值、增重率和缩率的影响。通过正交试验设计优化染色工艺,测定染色棉织物的抗菌性能、接触角、紫外线防护性能、色牢度以及风格评价,分析柿漆染色对棉织物性能的影响。结果表明:适宜的染色时间为15 min,柿漆稀释浓度为1∶4,染色次数为8次,染色棉织物色牢度良好,且具有较佳的疏水性能、抗菌性能和抗紫外性能,硬挺度增加。  相似文献   
3.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24383-24392
We propose a novel approach for manufacturing dual-scale porosity alumina structures by UV curing-assisted 3D plotting of a specially formulated alumina feedstock using a thermo-regulated phase separable, photocurable camphene/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) vehicle. In particular, 3D plotting process was conducted at - 5 °C, and thus an alumina suspension prepared using liquid camphene/TEGDMA at room temperature could undergo phase separation, resulting in camphene crystals surrounded by walls comprised of liquid photopolymer enclosing alumina particles. To enhance the shape retention ability of extruded filaments, polystyrene (PS) polymer was used as the tackifier. The phase-separated feedrod could be extruded favorably through a nozzle and rapidly photopolymerized by UV light during the 3D plotting process. Three-dimensionally interconnected macropores were tightly constructed, which were separated by microporous alumina filaments, where micropores were created by the removal of camphene crystals via freeze-dying. The macroporosity of porous alumina ceramics was controlled by adjusting the distance between deposited filaments, while their microporosity was kept constant, leading to tightly tailored overall porosity and mechanical properties.  相似文献   
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Robust, macroscopically uniform, and highly sensitive substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are fabricated using wafer‐scale block copolymer lithography. The substrate consists of gold nanoparticles that can slide and aggregate on dense and recyclable alumina/silicon nanohoodoos. Hot‐spot engineering is conducted to maximize the SERS performance of the substrate. The substrate demonstrates remarkably large surface‐averaged SERS enhancements, greater than 107 (>108 in hot spots), with unrivalled macroscopic signal uniformity as characterized by a coefficient of variation of only 6% across 4 cm. After SERS analyses, the nanohoodoos can be recycled by complete removal of gold via a one‐step, simple, and robust wet etching process without compromising performance. After eight times of recycling, the substrate still exhibits identical SERS performance in comparison to a new substrate. The macroscopic uniformity combined with recyclability at conserved high performance is expected to contribute significantly on the overall competitivity of the substrates. These findings show that the gold nanoparticles sliding on recyclable nanohoodoo substrate is a very strong candidate for obtaining cost‐effective, high‐quality, and reliable SERS spectra, facilitating a wide and simple use of SERS for both laboratorial and commercial applications.  相似文献   
6.
Scanning probe lithography is used to directly pattern monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) without the use of a sacrificial resist. Using an atomic‐force microscope, a negatively biased tip is brought close to the TMD surface. By inducing a water bridge between the tip and the TMD surface, controllable oxidation is achieved at the sub‐100 nm resolution. The oxidized flake is then submerged into water for selective oxide removal which leads to controllable patterning. In addition, by changing the oxidation time, thickness tunable patterning of multilayer TMDs is demonstrated. This resist‐less process results in exposed edges, overcoming a barrier in traditional resist‐based lithography and dry etch where polymeric byproduct layers are often formed at the edges. By patterning monolayers into geometric patterns of different dimensions and measuring the effective carrier lifetime, the non‐radiative recombination velocity due to edge defects is extracted. Using this patterning technique, it is shown that selenide TMDs exhibit lower edge recombination velocity as compared to sulfide TMDs. The utility of scanning probe lithography towards understanding material‐dependent edge recombination losses without significantly normalizing edge behaviors due to heavy defect generation, while allowing for eventual exploration of edge passivation schemes is highlighted, which is of profound interest for nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics.  相似文献   
7.
The impact of fraud on the world economy is significant. As fraud has evolved it has become more organized and increasingly cyber-enabled and committed across borders of law enforcement jurisdictions. The technological demands facing fraud investigators are increasing. Yet, little attention has been given to how forensic photography can help tackle emerging crime types, like fraud. This study reviews literature surrounding forensic photography and provides an up to date and collective narrative. This article focuses on the advancements in photography and how imaging-science techniques can apply to a fraud investigation. Photographic practice plays a key role in many crime investigations but must embrace continual change to ensure that it remains relevant to modern policing. Fresh approaches are essential and practitioners must fully utilize new technologies and adapt to tackle the increasingly demanding scope of fraud types.  相似文献   
8.
目的建立离子色谱-双波长紫外检测法同时测定水中碘酸盐和碘离子的分析方法。方法水样过0.22μm滤膜后直接进样测定,水中碘酸根和碘离子通过离子色谱柱分离,紫外检测器分别在200nm和226nm处检测。结果碘酸根和碘离子在0.01~1.00mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r分别为0.99953和0.99950,检出限为0.004和0.005mg/L,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)为2.8%和2.7%(n=8)。低(0.05mg/L)、中(0.10mg/L)、高(0.50mg/L)3个浓度IO_3~-和I~-加标回收率范围为94%~106%和92%~102%,精密度为1.04%~4.82%和0.75%~4.47%。结论本方法操作简单、准确度高、精密度好、线性范围宽,适用于水中碘酸盐和碘离子的测定。  相似文献   
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite granules were obtained using twin-screw extruder. Preforms were prepared by injection molding and then PET/nHAp bottles were produced by blow molding. For PET bottles with nHAp, the migration amounts of carboxylic acid (COOH), acetaldehyde (AA), diethylene glycol (DEG), and isophthalic acid (IPA); glass transition temperature (Tg); melting temperature (Tm); and the maximum crystallization temperature (Tcry) were measured. The load-carrying capacity, burst strength, stress cracking, and regional material distribution tests were carried out on the bottles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet transmittance analyses were conducted to explain the changes in mechanical, chemical, physical properties, and light transmission of bottles. It was found out that the COOH amount increased and the AA content decreased with increasing nHAp amount. On the other hand, no change was observed in the amounts of DEG and IPA. Although the mechanical properties such as load-carrying capacity and burst strength of the bottles have improved, it has been determined that the standard environmental stress crack resistance test procedure cannot be applied to such a composite. Experimental findings indicate that nHAp disrupts the chemical structure of PET and it isolates harmful chemicals such as AA by forming intermolecular bonds. Moreover, with the addition of up to 0.8% nHAp, PET bottles block the light transmission approximately 80% within 400–700 nm wave length zone. The study demonstrates that the PET/nHAp composite bottles can be used in the food industry, particularly in the packaging of milk and milk products which are vulnerable to light exposure.  相似文献   
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