新型AMBBR-MBBR-MBR工艺处理紫外线吸附剂厂废水

根据传统工艺处理紫外线吸附剂厂UV-P废水中高级氧化作为预处理成本高,单一A₂O生化工艺出水不稳定,并且出水污染物浓度高等缺点,首先采用零价铁强化水解和预曝气作为预处理,以新型AMBBR-MBBR-MBR工艺进行处理。工程MBBR采用三维多孔泡沫陶瓷填料为生物载体,MBR采用Si O₂平板陶瓷膜。长期调试运行效果表明,出水水质优于≤城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准≥GB 18918-2002表1中一级A标准,即COD<50 mg/L,氨氮<5 mg/L,总氮<15 mg/L,硝基苯<2.0 mg/L,挥发酚<0.5 mg/L,苯胺类<0.5 mg/L等。水处理运行费用为4.9元/m³。     

Design of switchable band‐notched frequency selective absorber

An active band‐notched frequency selective absorber (BNFSA) with switchable notch band is proposed in this article. The BNFSA is a two‐layer structure composed of a lossy layer at the top and a ground plane at the bottom, separated by an air spacer. The element of the lossy layer is a lumped‐resistor‐loaded metallic dipole with a parallel LC resonance structure, which is realized by complementary n‐shaped resonator (CnR) inserted in the center, and PIN diode is welded at two arms of CnR. The bias circuit printed on the back of the substrate of the lossy layer connects to anode and cathode of the diode by via hole and isolates by the inductor. Simulation results show that the notch bands are located at 4.50 and 6.81 GHz when the diode sets to ON and OFF, respectively. To validate the performance of switchable BNFSA, the prototypes are fabricated and measured, reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained.     

Active Packaging Applications for Food

The traditional role of food packaging is continuing to evolve in response to changing market needs. Current drivers such as consumer's demand for safer, “healthier,” and higher‐quality foods, ideally with a long shelf‐life; the demand for convenient and transparent packaging, and the preference for more sustainable packaging materials, have led to the development of new packaging technologies, such as active packaging (AP). As defined in the European regulation (EC) No 450/2009, AP systems are designed to “deliberately incorporate components that would release or absorb substances into or from the packaged food or the environment surrounding the food.” Active packaging materials are thereby “intended to extend the shelf‐life or to maintain or improve the condition of packaged food.” Although extensive research on AP technologies is being undertaken, many of these technologies have not yet been implemented successfully in commercial food packaging systems. Broad communication of their benefits in food product applications will facilitate the successful development and market introduction. In this review, an overview of AP technologies, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant or carbon dioxide‐releasing systems, and systems absorbing oxygen, moisture or ethylene, is provided, and, in particular, scientific publications illustrating the benefits of such technologies for specific food products are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in applying such AP technologies to food systems and the anticipated direction of future developments are discussed. This review will provide food and packaging scientists with a thorough understanding of the benefits of AP technologies when applied to specific foods and hence can assist in accelerating commercial adoption.     

Fabrication and properties of Co:MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics for a saturable absorber from coprecipitated nanopowder

The 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ precursor was synthesized by the coprecipitation method from a mixed solution of magnesium, aluminum, and cobalt nitrates using ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ transparent ceramics were successfully obtained via vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ nanopowder calcined at 1100°C for 4 hours. The properties of powder and ceramics were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Co:MgAl₂O₄ nanopowder had a pure spinel phase. Also, the in-line transmittances of the HIP posttreated Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics with the thickness of 1.2 mm were 82% at 400 nm and 84.7% at 900 nm. The average grain sizes of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics before and after the HIP posttreatment were 11 and 28 μm, respectively. The calculated ground state absorption cross section of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics was 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁹ cm², indicating that this ceramics is a promising material applied as a saturable absorber for passive laser Q-switches in the 1.3-1.7 μm domain.     

转子/密封系统失稳振动抑制的动力吸振方法研究

针对密封中流体引起转子/密封系统振动失稳的问题。提出采用动力吸振器(DVA)实现转子/密封系统失稳振动抑制。建立转子/密封-DVA系统非线性微分方程,采用数值方法求解并获得附加DVA前后转子/密封系统的非线性特性;根据Hurwitz判据获得系统的临界稳定条件;通过遗传算法优化DVA参数,获得附加优化DVA前后转子/密封系统稳定性。结果表明:附加DVA能够改变转子/密封系统失稳振动频率和失稳阈值;在一定的转速范围内失稳振动被完全抑制;在不完全抑制的转速范围内,附加DVA能降低失稳振动的振幅。     

Real‐time thermal states monitoring of absorber tube for parabolic trough solar collector with non‐uniform solar flux

With the world energy shortage problem becoming increasingly prominent, more and more attentions have been paid to the development of renewable energies. Among these sources, solar energy has received extensive attention with its excellent characteristics. The thermal state affects the safety of the solar heat collection system. In this paper, real‐time monitoring of the input heat flux on the inside wall and the temperature field simultaneously of an absorber tube for parabolic trough solar collector were studied. Based on the measured temperatures on the outside wall, the fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter coupled with weighted recursive least squares algorithm (WRLSA) was employed to monitor the heat states of the absorber tube inversely, in which WRLSA was used to acquire the heat flux while fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter was adopted to monitor the temperature field. The method showed strong robustness to resist the ill‐posedness. Accurate monitoring results also can be acquired when there are random disturbances of the heat transfer condition on the inner wall.     

Design and analysis of a new wave energy converter based on a point absorber and a hydraulic system harvesting energy from waves near the shore in calm seas

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the design of a new wave energy converter, composed of a point absorber and a hydraulic system (power take off) and sized for recovering energy in calm seas from waves near the shore. The point absorber is consisting of a rectangular shaped buoy integrating a piston pump. The set buoy‐pump oscillates under the waves action and moves natural water in a closed circuit hydraulic system (power take off) composed of a piping connecting the piston pump itself, a pressurized reservoir, a hydraulic turbine and a discharge tank. The methodology adopted for designing the main constituents involves a 1D mathematical model, settled for understanding the motion of the buoy under the hypothesis of regular waves and fully developed sea, and a sizing procedure applied for the design of all the components of the hydraulic system. The project related to the Calabrian site of Cetraro (Mediterranean Sea—south Italy) led to designing a system with a 4 m large buoy, associated with a small 13 cm diameter micro Pelton turbine, so that more than 22 000 kWh could be recovered in a year.     

Fabrication of CuInS2/CNTs absorber layers by sol–gel method

In this work, CuInS₂/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layers are fabricated by the sol–gel spin-coating method. We introduce two forms of MWCNTs into a CIS₂ solution, washed functional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (W-FMWCNTs) and unwashed-functional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (UW-FMWCNTs), in order to investigate the effects of MWCNTs and an acidic environment on the physical properties of the CIS₂ absorber layers. The structure and morphology of the samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD study shows that all samples crystallize in a tetragonal structure. The results obtained from the optical, thermo-electric, and electrical measurements indicate that the two groups of CIS₂ layers prepared using W- and UW-FMWCNTs show the opposite behaviors. The Seebeck coefficient (SC) measurements indicate possible formation of a p–n junction.     

吸附器的工程设计

详细介绍了实现变压吸附气体分离技术的关键设备—吸附器的设计,及其制造检验相关的要求。     

一种紫外线吸收剂的合成新方法

采用新方法合成了紫外线吸收剂苯基-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶)酯。苯基丙二酸二乙酯和N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇在甲苯中微纳米碳酸钾催化下反应,得到苯基丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇)酯,然后在乙醇中与 4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基氯反应,得到目标产物,总收率为80%。化合物的结构通过1H NMR和13C NMR进行了表征。