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1.
蒙特卡洛法需使用大量电网抽样数据,花费的风险评估时间长,提出一种改进蒙特卡洛法实现高效智能电网实时运行风险评估。从多方面考虑,构建智能电网风险评价指标体系,明确蒙特卡洛法存在抽样次数多及方差系数大的问题;将交叉熵重要抽样法与分散抽样法相结合,构建近似函数,令原本电网中微小概率事件转换为大概率事件,减少算法抽样次数和方差系数,提高算法的计算效率。实验表明,所提方法能够有效识别正常状态下及元件失效条件下的电网实时运行风险,并通过失效线路负荷转移的方式有效降低了智能电网实时运行风险。  相似文献   
2.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(1):101099
With the interests to see specimen thickness (hsp) effect on apparent swelling pressure (ps) of compacted bentonite and capture characteristics of ps development during wetting bentonite specimens (ps evolution, hereafter), a series of tests to measure ps of compacted bentonite specimens with a dry density (ρd) range of 0.99–1.76 Mg/m3 and a specimen thickness (hsp) range of 2–10 mm were conducted. Test results suggest: (1) ps evolution generally has common characteristics with four feature points chronologically: peak (tp, pp), valley (tv, pv), initial equilibrium (tei, pei) and an equilibrium (teq, peq), where, tp, tv, tei and teq represent time (t) and pp, pv, pei, and peq denote ps of the four feature points, respectively; (2) within the tested range, hsp effect is generally minor on ps at feature points, and pp, pv, pei, and peq have well correlations with specimen final dry density (ρdf); (3) time scale for specimens with different hsp can be well unified by a time coefficient χsp (=hsp/√t).  相似文献   
3.
朱孟帅  王子龙  孙向昕  周翔 《化工进展》2022,41(6):3203-3211
基于石蜡和高孔密度的泡沫铜制备了复合相变蓄热材料,设计并搭建了一套可视化蓄热实验装置,分析了高孔密度下泡沫铜填充率对石蜡相变过程的强化传热机理,得到了复合相变蓄热材料的综合传热系数。实验结果表明,当泡沫铜填充率为0、0.43%、1.29%和2.15%时,复合相变材料的综合传热系数先减小后增大,分别为1.26W/(m·K)、1.18W/(m·K)、1.44W/(m·K)和1.88W/(m·K),因此随着泡沫铜填充率的增加,复合相变材料的融化时间先增长后缩短。此外,随着泡沫铜填充率从0.43%增至2.15%,复合相变材料融化时传热机制中导热占比从17.26%上升到86.01%,自然对流占比从82.74%下降到13.99%。  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21268-21282
Mullite-Al2O3-SiC composites were in-situ synthesized through carbothermal reduction reaction of fly ash (FA) with a high alumina content and activated carbon (AC). The effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and amount of AC on the β-SiC yield, microstructure, dielectric properties, and electromagnetic (EM) absorption performance of the composites in the 2–18 GHz frequency range were studied. The results show that increasing the AC improves the porosities of the composites, with the highest porosity of 56.17% observed. The β-SiC yield varies considerably as the sintering parameters were altered, with a maximum yield of 23% achieved under conditions of 12 wt% AC, 1400 °C sintering temperature, and 3 h holding time. With a thickness of 3.5 mm, this composite has excellent EM absorption performance, exhibiting a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -51.55 dB at 7.60 GHz. Significantly, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 3.39 GHz when the thickness is 3.0 mm. These results demonstrate that the composite prepared under ideal conditions can absorb 99.99% of the waves passing through it. Because of the interfacial polarization, conductive loss, and impedance matching of the heterostructure, the synthesized mullite-Al2O3-SiC composites with densities ranging from 1.43 g/cm3 to 1.62 g/cm3 demonstrate outstanding EM attenuation capabilities. Therefore, this study presents a remarkable way of utilizing fly ash to fabricate inexpensive, functional ceramic materials for EM absorption applications.  相似文献   
5.
Low-thermal conductivity ceramics play an indispensable role in maximizing the efficiency and durability of hot end components. Pyrochlore, particularly zirconate pyrochlore, is currently a highly promising and widely studied candidate for its extremely low thermal conductivity. However, there are still few pyrochlores that offer both stiffness, insulation, and good thermal expansion properties. In this work, the solidification method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of titanate pyrochlore, and combined it with the compositional design of high-entropy. Through careful composition design and solidification control, the high-density and uniform elements distributed high-entropy titanate pyrochlore ceramics were successfully prepared. These samples possess high hardness (15.88 GPa) and Young’s modulus (295.5 GPa), low thermal conductivity (0.947 W·m?1·K?1), excellent thermal expansion coefficient (11.6 ×10?6/K) and an exquisite balance between stiffness and insulation (E/κ, 312.1 GPa·W?1·m·K), in which the E/κ exhibits the highest value among the current reported works.  相似文献   
6.
施工导截流模型阻力不相似会导致试验成果与实际存在较大偏差。采用理论分析及水力计算方法,剖析了长导流隧洞壁面沿程阻力相似的影响因素,揭示了截流模型试验中阻力危机现象,提出了解决阻力不相似问题的途径。研究表明:对于隧洞导流模型受模型比尺制约,模型水流往往处于紊流过渡区,洞壁阻力系数是模型雷诺数的函数,如忽视模型阻力相似问题,会导致模型泄流能力试验值和洞内流态与原型存在较大偏差,可采取加大流量法或通过系统试验拟合阻力系数与模型雷诺数的关系,再对模型试验泄流能力成果予以修正。对于截流模型,块体抗冲稳定相似需满足推阻力系数相似,模型雷诺数Rem只有在3×104~2×105时,绕流阻力系数Cd才为常数,可通过合理选择模型比尺使模型水流进入自模拟区,避免阻力危机。  相似文献   
7.
为了抑制金鸡湖隧道主体结构厚度为1.4 m侧墙的早期收缩裂缝,在优选原材料与配合比设计的基础上,提出了采用抗裂剂与冷却水管控温协同控制的方法来降低混凝土开裂风险,并通过理论评估与工程应用分析了该方法的可行性。结果表明:夏季高温施工时,通过使用抗裂剂与合理预埋、操作冷却水管来调控结构温升和变形,可将收缩开裂风险系数基本控制在0.7以下,实体结构监测结果也表明该方法切实有效。研究成果可为不具备严格控温条件的类似现浇隧道混凝土结构的开裂预防设计提供参考。  相似文献   
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(1):754-759
Thermal control coatings (TCCs) are an essential part of the thermal control systems in the spacecraft. Solar absorptance and emittance are the key performance parameters of TCCs. To develop an ultra-low solar absorption and stable inorganic TCCs for surface radiator, different TCCs were prepared by co-sintering ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles to form Zn2SiO4/SiO2 pigment in this work, and the optical properties and radiation stability were systematically studied. It is found that the coating based on composite pigment has high reflectivity in the ultraviolet band and excellent optical performance possessing the low solar absorption of 0.06. In addition, the Zn2SiO4/SiO2 coating demonstrates the highest proton and electron radiation stability because that SiO2 between Zn2SiO4 particles acts as the relaxation center of the defects caused by radiation.  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21961-21971
The Simplistic formation, advantageous configuration, non-colossal magnetoresistance and broadband absorption are important parameters for microwave absorbent materials. In this study, a core-shell nanocomposite comprising of Sn-filled carbon nanotubes (Sn/CNTs) was prepared by arc discharge method. The microstructure, morphology and surface composition of Sn/CNTs-based core-shell nanocomposites were characterized in detail. Sn/CNTs nanocomposite showed a magnetic signal due to the broken bonds and defects at interfaces in Sn/CNTs. The weak ferromagnetism was found to be helpful in improving magnetic permeability in the Sn/CNTs which confirms its role as a magnetic loss material under incident electromagnetic wave. Sn-filled CNTs revealed an appropriate value of dielectric constant, which plays an important role in impedance matching upon incident electromagnetic wave. The composite of Sn-CNTs and paraffin with a 50 wt % loading showed the lowest reflection loss (RL) of ?43.87 dB at 10 GHz, with a wide effective absorption band (RL ≤ ?10 dB) of 3 GHz in thickness of 2.3 mm. This enhanced performance is attributed to the combined effect of the conduction loss in one-dimensional core-shell architecture, the interfacial loss Sn-CNT interface, the magnetic loss due to defects-induced ferromagnetism in Sn shell, and in the carbon-containing atomic layers of CNTs.  相似文献   
10.
近年来页岩气的勘探开发实践表明其产量与压力系数呈正相关关系,但准确的地震预测难度较大。页岩气储层富含有机质及有机质孔隙,其矿物组分及微观结构相比常规储层更复杂。为此,构建了一种适用于海相页岩的岩石物理模型,并提出了一种基于该模型的页岩地层压力系数预测技术。首先结合页岩储层微观结构特征,针对骨架矿物的差异性,分别采用自洽(SCA)模型和微分等效介质(DEM)模型模拟得到背景介质,结合孔隙及流体等特征,建立等效岩石物理模型;进而通过计算背景介质体积模量及饱和流体等效岩石体积模量,发现两者的差异与实钻井压力系数正相关,并建立地震预测模型;最后推导建立了基于Gray近似弹性阻抗的体积模量直接反演方法,实现了页岩地层体积模量及压力系数的定量预测。实际数据试验表明预测结果与实钻井及后验井吻合度较高。  相似文献   
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