混凝土结构的压电声波检测分析

本文介绍了混凝土结构的压电体波和表面波检测的主要进展,对两种压电声波检测的优缺点进行了总结。体波检测设备一般埋入混凝土内部,需要选择合理的检测部位,检测结果较为精确;声表面波检测无需选择特定的部位,但是检测深度有限。在实际检测工作过程中,可以联合两种方法相互验证。     

Influence of temperature on acoustic emission source location accuracy in underground structure

An acoustic emission (AE) experiment was carried out to explore the AE location accuracy influenced by temperature. A hollow hemispherical specimen was used to simulate common underground structures. In the process of heating with the flame, the pulse signal of constant frequency was stimulated as an AE source. Then AE signals received by each sensor were collected and used for comparing localization accuracy at different temperatures. Results show that location errors of AE keep the same phenomenon in the early and middle heating stages. In the later stage of heating, location errors of AE increase sharply due to the appearance of cracks. This provides some beneficial suggestions on decreasing location errors of structural cracks caused by temperature and improves the ability of underground structure disaster prevention and control.     

Various density light field image coding based on distortion minimization interpolation

In recent years, the light field (LF) as a new imaging modality has attracted wide interest. The large data volume of LF images poses great challenge to LF image coding, and the LF images captured by different devices show significant differences in angular domain. In this paper we propose a view prediction framework to handle LF image coding with various sampling density. All LF images are represented as view arrays. We first partition the views into reference view (RV) set and intermediate view (IV) set. The RVs are rearranged into a pseudo sequence and directly compressed by a video encoder. Other views are then predicted by the RVs. To exploit the four dimensional signal structure, we propose the linear approximation prior (LAP) to reveal the correlation among LF views and efficiently remove the LF data redundancy. Based on the LAP, a distortion minimization interpolation (DMI) method is used to predict IVs. To robustly handle the LF images with different sampling density, we propose an Iteratively Updating depth image based rendering (IU-DIBR) method to extend our DMI. Some auxiliary views are generated to cover the target region and then the DMI calculates reconstruction coefficients for the IVs. Different view partition patterns are also explored. Extensive experiments on different types LF images also valid the efficiency of the proposed method.     

High-roubustness keystroke recognition method based on acoustic spatial gradient

For the fluctuation of CFCC caused by environmental noise is the main reason for the low accuracy of keystroke detection,the spatial characteristics of adjacent between CFCC were studied,and the spatial gradient structure of CFCC based on points was established.On this basis,the effect of CFCC spatial gradient on keystroke content recognition and the selection of precise neighborhood points were studied on training and testing.Finally,a high-robustness keystroke recognition algorithm based on acoustic signals was constructed.Extensive experiments in different environments demonstrate that the proposed CFCC spatial gradient sound feature achieves great performance and the recognition accuracy is 96.15%.     

Large eddy simulation of flow over square cylinder arrays in an octagonal configuration at subcritical Reynolds numbers

In this study, fluid flow over an array of eight, 0.029 m × 0.029 m, square cross‐section cylinders in an octagonal configuration is studied numerically. The mean force coefficients (drag and lift) and the vortex formation characteristics of the array are calculated numerically by utilizing a three‐dimensional large eddy simulation mathematical model for turbulence. The numerical simulation is performed with commercial software ANSYS Fluent 19R1. To investigate the parametric influences, three spacings between the cylinders (0.07, 0.14, and 0.2 m), two array attack angles (0° and 15°), and two Reynolds numbers (4060 and 45 800) are considered. The results comprise flow patterns and force coefficients' variations with Reynolds numbers. The lift force of the downstream cylinder reaches its maximum at α = 15°, and the drag force of the upstream cylinders finds its peak at α = 0°. It is observed through velocity and viscosity contour plots that vortex formation length near the cylinder increases at higher Reynolds number. Velocity vector plots are also presented to show fluid flow behavior near the cylinder. Furthermore, the predicted mean forces on the cylinders are slightly different for different Reynolds numbers, spacings, and angles of attack.     

声模态对超声破碎空化场的影响

以20 kHz浸入式超声破碎装置为研究对象，将声场分析与有限元方法相结合，分析了超声破碎料腔在不同声场条件下（液位高度、声源位置）的声模态特性，并对超声场内的空化分布和平均声能密度的变化规律进行探讨，最后应用声学测量方法和图像采集试验进行了验证。结果表明：超声空化的空间分布与料腔中声场的声模态特性相关；料腔半径一定，当液位达到料腔声场的谐振液位时，场内平均声能密度较高，空化效应显著增强，空间分布与场内声压分布一致。在谐振液位时，声源位置的布放对平均声能密度和空化增强影响显著。     

Differences between oculomotor and perceptual artifacts for temporally limited head mounted displays

We used perceptual and oculomotor measures to understand the negative impacts of low (phantom array) and high (motion blur) duty cycles with a high‐speed, AR‐likehead‐mounted display prototype. We observed large intersubject variability for the detection of phantom array artifacts but a highly consistent and systematic effect on saccadic eye movement targeting during low duty cycle presentations. This adverse effect on saccade endpoints was also related to an increased error rate in a perceptual discrimination task, showing a direct effect of display duty cycle on the perceptual quality. For high duty cycles, the probability of detecting motion blur increased during head movements, and this effect was elevated at lower refresh rates. We did not find an impact of the temporal display characteristics on compensatory eye movements during head motion (e.g., VOR). Together, our results allow us to quantify the tradeoff of different negative spatiotemporal impacts of user movements and make subsequent recommendations for optimized temporal HMD parameters.     

Synthesizing a uniformly spaced array pattern using integral operator for removing progressive phase shift

In this article, an analytical technique is introduced to obtain the excitation coefficients of uniformly spaced linear antenna arrays in order to achieve a desired array factor. By integration of the prescribed array factor, the array factor dependency to the progressive phase shift is eliminated. A new system of linear equations is consequently obtained whose solution represents the excitation coefficients of the array. Some examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the introduced method. The performance of this strategy is compared with those obtained by the other well‐known techniques such as Woodward‐Lawson and Fourier transform. It is shown that the presented method estimates the desired array pattern with a very good precision.     

基于改进型巴特勒矩阵的短波8元圆环阵列多波束技术研究

传统短波接收天线为单一的波束指向天线或全向天线。为提高接收天线增益,同时产生多个波束指向不同方向,提出利用巴特勒矩阵作为短波接收天线阵的无源波束形成网络。在传统8×8巴特勒矩阵结构的基础上,设计改进型8×8巴特勒矩阵。以均匀8元圆环阵列为天线模型,利用FEKO仿真分析了其天线特性。在3~11 MHz频段内,P2、P3、P6、P7四个端口分别在202.5°、292.5°、112.5°、22.5°方向上得到了方向性较强的单一波束,7 MHz时波束增益达到最大11.9 dBi,波瓣3 dB宽度平均为60°;在P1、P4、P5、P8端口产生相同的2个波瓣,7 MHz时其波束增益达到最大9.8 dBi,波瓣3 dB宽度平均为89°。由以上仿真分析得出,该改进型8×8巴特勒矩阵能够同时产生6个波束,波束覆盖8个方向,提高了波束的方向性,提高了天线增益。     

弯载下砂岩声发射特征值时间效应

为探索开采速度对采空区顶板破断特征影响的力学机制，设定不同加载速率，开展砂岩3点弯曲和声发射试验，研究砂岩弯曲折断过程的力学行为及其受加载速度影响的时间效应和折断前兆特征。结果表明，加载速率越快，砂岩显著初始损伤声发射发生的应力条件越高，积累的应变能越高;岩石折断前，前兆声发射时间长度与加载速率呈指数负相关，加载速度越快，前兆声发射时间越短，可预测性越差;加载速率与砂岩折断声发射峰值能量及破坏载荷呈指数正相关，与砂岩折断声发射峰值计数呈指数负相关，加载速度越快，岩石折断所需的破坏荷载越大，峰值声发射计数越少，一次性释放的能量越高。上述岩石弯曲声发射特征值是加载速率的函数，存在时间效应。从机理上解释了煤矿开采速度越高，顶板岩体动力灾害危险性相对越高，可预测性越差的原因。