不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声数值模拟

基于大涡模拟和声类比相结合的混合方法对不同雷诺数下二维圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声进行预测.预测值与试验数据吻合良好.根据预测结果分析圆柱绕流气动噪声的声场特性,研究流场振荡规律对远场噪声的影响和圆柱绕流气动噪声的辐射特性,并寻找降低圆柱绕流气动噪声的途径.结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,远场各测量点的总声压级增大;声场的最大声...     

An analysis of flow and screech tone from supersonic axisymmetric jet at the initial stage

The screech tone from jet Mach number 1.18 is numerically calculated from the initial stage. A fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. Pulse jet problem with Mach number 1.56 is solved to validate the present method. Not only two important components of generating screech tones, shock cell structure and vortices, but also the transient behavior of the screech tone are investigated at the initial stage. Additional time is necessary to generate periodic screech tone after formation of shock cell structures. As time goes on, the location of the vortex generation becomes fixed near the nozzle exit, which is farther downstream initially, and the screech tone becomes periodic. The FFT results of three different periods are compared. It is observed that the component of lower frequency is dominant at the beginning, and the component of the screech tone becomes dominant as time increases. It can be concluded that the screech tones can be also numerically reproduced at the initial stage with the present inviscid method.     

汽车暖通空调气动噪声仿真

为研究汽车暖通空调气动噪声特性,以某车型汽车暖通空调为研究对象,通过风阻试验对滤清器和蒸发器进行等效处理,建立仿真模型;基于流体动力学和气动声学理论,结合宽频带噪声源模型和FW-H模型,预测声源分布和噪声特性;将仿真结果与试验结果进行对标验证,出风口风量最大误差为6.7%,最小为2.1%,噪声频谱特性具有较高的一致性。结果表明,Curle噪声源主要分布在鼓风机和空调箱壁面,近场以旋转噪声为主,远场宽频噪声占主导。可适当通过减小叶片与空气接触面积、增加叶片数量、调整蜗舍角度和间隙、增加导流装置等措施降低暖通空调工作时产生的噪声,为汽车暖通空调前期开发提供一种研究方法。     

计算气动声学中的高阶Nodal-DG方法研究

气动噪声的直接模拟对数值格式的色散、耗散特性提出了严格的要求。基于描述声波的线性双曲方程,运用本征值方法分析了高阶Nodal-DG方法的色散、耗散特性。结果发现,对于任意给定的m阶多项式基函数,数值波解有m+1个值,但仅有一个能够表示对应微分方程的物理波传播方式,其余的都是寄生波,且两种波型的传播方向相反。通过与Tam的DRP格式和Lele的六阶紧致格式进行比较,发现在相同的计算精度下,Nodal-DG方法的有效求解波数范围介于DRP格式和六阶紧致格式之间。通过对初始扰动为高斯波形的计算比较发现,在较少的网格数下,Nodal-DG方法的计算结果可以与紧致格式的计算结果相比,但优于DRP格式的计算结果,非常适合于气动声学的数值模拟,为气动声场的直接计算提供了一种新的方法     

A computational investigation of airfoil aeroacoustics for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades

A generalized computational methodology for reduced order acoustic‐structural coupled modeling of the aeroacoustics of a wind turbine blade is presented. This methodology is used to investigate the acoustic pressure distribution in and around airfoils to guide the development of a passive damage detection approach for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades for the first time. The output of a k ? ε turbulence model computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to calculate simple acoustic sources on the basis of model tuning with published experimental data. The methodology is then applied to a computational case study of a 0.3048‐m chord NACA 0012 airfoil with two internal cavities, each with a microphone placed along the shear web. Five damage locations and four damage sizes are studied and compared with the healthy baseline case for three strategically selected acoustic frequencies: 1, 5, and 10 kHz. In 22 of the 36 cases in which the front cavity is damaged, the front cavity microphone measures an increase in sound pressure level (SPL) above 3 dB, while rear cavity damage only results in six out of 24 cases with a 3‐dB increase in the rear cavity. The 1‐ and 5‐kHz cases show a more consistent increase in SPL than the 10‐kHz case, illustrating the spectral dependency of the model. The case study shows how passive acoustic detection could be used to identify blade damage, while providing a template for application of the methodology to investigate the feasibility of passive detection for any specific turbine blade.     

非对称锯齿结构对叶片气动声学性能的影响

为降低水平轴风力机叶片的气动噪声,受鸮类静音飞行能力的启发,提取鸮类翅膀羽毛的非对称锯齿结构,并重构于风力机叶片尾缘处。采用大涡模拟（LES）和FW-H方程对改型叶片和原型叶片的流场及声场特性分别进行研究。同时通过改变非对称锯齿尾缘的结构参数,以探究不同锯齿夹角、锯齿宽度和锯齿间距对非对称锯齿尾缘的降噪效果的影响。结果显示：非对称锯齿尾缘具有较好的降噪效果,尤其是在低频和中频区域,总声压级最多可降低10 dB。当锯齿夹角分别为30°、40°和50°时,随着锯齿夹角的增加,噪声声压级在多数方位角下呈增加的趋势;锯齿宽度分别为10、12.5和15 mm时,随着锯齿宽度的增加,噪声声压级在多数方位角下明显降低;锯齿间距的改变,对0°方位角下的噪声声压级影响显著。而从涡分布图中可发现,非对称锯齿尾缘未改变叶片表面涡脱落的位置,但会减小涡结构和涡强度,增大涡间距,从而抑制噪声的产生。     

通用的插值补充格子Boltzmann方法应用于计算气动声学

提出将通用的插值补充格子Boltzmann方法（GILBM）应用于非均匀网格进行计算气动声学研究. 通过顶盖驱动方腔流、低雷诺数圆柱绕流算例验证GILBM数值模拟方法的正确性. 在此基础上,将该方法应用于高斯脉冲传播、周期性声源传播、二维圆柱绕流的气动噪声计算. 研究结果表明,GILBM方法可以在非均匀网格上较好地模拟高斯脉冲及周期性声源声波的传播过程,计算结果与解析解较吻合. GILBM方法能够模拟非均匀贴体网格下的圆柱曲面边界由于涡脱落造成的气动噪声的产生和传播过程,可以较好地捕捉到近场及远场的声压传播. 圆柱绕流声学特性呈现出偶极子现象,计算结果与参考文献较吻合,证明采用GILBM方法在非均匀网格中模拟声传播问题的正确性及求解气动声学问题的可行性.     

闸阀气体内漏喷流声场的数值模拟

以Lighthill气动声学方程为基础,采用时域差分方法,对不同开度下的闸阀气体内漏喷流声场进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,内漏喷流噪声在气流喷柱扰动和闸阀内壁反射的影响下,具有很强的方向性,下游声场强度要比上游大15～30 dB,在扩压腔产生最大声强.模拟结果为阀门内漏的声学检测提供了依据.     

鸮翼前缘非光滑形态消声降噪机理

长耳鸮扑翼噪声测量试验表明,其翼前缘圆弧齿状非光滑形态对其飞行降噪影响显著。应用逆向重构技术,对长耳鸮翼前缘非光滑形态特征几何信息进行量化,并建立仿生类比模型。采用计算气动声学方法,对仿生前缘非光滑模型的降噪特性进行了数值模拟,并通过分析仿生非光滑形态对模型表面流场的影响,对仿生非光滑形态气流噪声控制机理进行了研究。结果表明,仿生非光滑模型与光滑模型相比,可降低气流噪声5～10 dB,且具备一定的增升作用;仿生前缘非光滑形态具有整流及控制气流分离的特性,可减少由于翼表面气流压力脉动及涡流脱离引发的气流噪声。     

某SUV型汽车后视镜气动噪声数值仿真

为有效降低汽车气动噪声,依据声类比思想将气动噪声计算分成流场和声场计算,采用全域与子域分步计算流场和ACTRAN计算声场相结合的方法对某SUV型汽车后视镜的3种方案的气动噪声进行数值仿真,得到车外流场与车内外的声场及声压级频谱曲线,分析流场云图和声压级频谱曲线的变化规律.结果表明:方案III的后视镜因边缘凸起改善了侧窗外流场湍流脉动压力、漩涡和声源位置分布,减少了后视镜通过侧窗传播到车内的噪声.数值仿真结果与实验测试结果吻合较好,验证了方法的正确性.该方法可优化车内声场的分布,提高司乘人员舒适性.