杏酒中有机酸类化合物的RP—HPLC法测定

建立了反相高效液相色谱测定杏酒中有机酸类化合物的方法．以金太阳杏为原料,经液体发酵法精心酿制成的低度杏酒作为检测样品,测定了杏酒中9种有机酸类化合物．采用AgilentC18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm）分离,流动相2％的甲醇-0．01mol／L（NH4）2HPO4（pH2．8）洗脱,流速1mL／min,检测器波长为210nm,柱温30℃,采用色谱峰保留时间定性,面积外标法定量,并比较了不同杏发酵产品中有机酸的种类和含量,各成分的线性相关系数均大于0．99．方法的回收率大部分都在94％以上,RSD均在3％以下,说明该方法具有快速、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,可用于杏酒中有机酸类化合物的检测．     

新疆轮台小白杏的太阳能制干工艺研究

以新疆轮台县主栽杏品种—小白杏作为实验材料,以单一温室装置为对照,采用自主研发的5HT-2农副产品太阳能干燥（solar-drying SD）装置,通过对比杏子在该装置与温室装置的干燥过程中水分含量、水分活度及色差等指标的变化情况,开展制备新疆轮台小白杏杏干的太阳能干燥实验研究。结果表明:SD装置有利于缩短杏子的干燥时间,SD装置中小白杏干燥时间为10d,较温室缩短1d;杏干优级品率高;温室小白杏杏干的失重率为28.9%、水分活度为0.45、色差值为L值为42.7,a值为20.1,b值为31.8。      

无硫护色液对冻干杏干护色效果影响的研究

本文以兰州大接杏为原料,采用无硫护色液对真空冷冻干燥的杏干进行护色工艺研究。以明度值和色差值作为影响杏干褐变的指标,通过实验最终得到一种替代亚硫酸盐的无硫护色液:杏干冻干之前,在柠檬酸0.4%、抗坏血酸0.06%、氯化钠0.1%、焦磷酸钠0.04%的护色液中浸泡10min,冻干后测得杏干的色差值ΔE为6.96,此时杏干颜色保持最好。      

植物精油对杏干优势微生物的抑制效果研究

以新疆小白杏为实验材料,研究新疆小白杏杏干在储藏期间微生物含量变化,通过分离、纯化从杏干上得到3株优势霉菌,形态观察初步鉴定为根霉菌、链格孢菌和青霉菌。选取9种植物精油对杏干上的混合菌进行抑菌实验,根据抑菌率筛选出3种抑菌活性较强的精油,并通过测定抑菌圈直径和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进一步研究这3种精油对杏干上优势霉菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,9种植物精油对杏干上微生物均有一定的抑制作用,其中肉桂精油、月桂精油和茴香精油具有较强的抑菌性,且异味较小,对3种优势霉菌也有显著的抑制作用,抑菌活性显著优于卡那霉素,抑菌效果依次为:肉桂精油>月桂精油>茴香精油,肉桂精油可以作为天然保鲜剂用于杏干制品,达到抑菌和延长货架期的目的。      

新疆十个主栽杏品种果浆品质及稳定性研究

为从新疆主栽杏品种中选择出适宜加工的优良品种,对杏原浆品质及稳定性进行探讨,选用了库车小白杏等10个新疆地区种植面积较大的主要栽培品种作为试材,分别在杏浆加工完成当天及室温贮存至第5、10、15、20、25、30、35天取样测定了总糖度、总酸度、Vc含量和褐化度(用波长420nm时OD值表示)等与加工性状相关的指标。参试品种35d内所测数据显示:糖含量呈缓慢下降趋势,平均损失率为12.41%;酸含量呈缓慢增加趋势,平均增加了9.35%;Vc含量呈明显下降趋势,平均损失率是80.76%,且下降趋势随时间的推移逐渐放缓;OD值呈缓慢上升的趋势,OD值平均增加了6.73%。通过聚类分析可将参试杏品种分成3类,其中第2类(大果胡安娜、阿哥亚格勒克、脆佳娜丽)平均糖含量最低为8.40%,平均含酸量最高0.912%,Vc平均含量最高0.427mg/100g,OD平均值最小0.319,是最适宜的杏浆加工品种。     

库车小白杏混菌乳酸发酵工艺优化及其发酵动力学模型

采用响应面分析法的4因子中心组合实验设计（Central composite experimental design,CCD）优化了库车小白杏混菌（植物乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌）乳酸发酵工艺,并采用Logistic方程建立乳酸菌生长和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性的动力学模型。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为:温度为37.0 ℃,植物乳杆菌:罗伊氏乳杆菌配比为2.6:1,接种量为5.0%,发酵时间为30 h。在此条件下,杏汁中的SOD活性为309.60 U/g,感官评分为54.18分;动力学模型的预测值与实验值的拟合度分别为0.9970、0.9913,说明拟合曲线与乳酸菌生长量和SOD活性的实验数据有很高的相关性,能很好地模拟小白杏乳酸发酵过程的动力学特性。     

Optimization of Enzymatic Production of Oligopeptides from Apricot Almonds Meal with Neutrase and N120P

Neutrase 0.8L and N120P proteases were used for oligopeptide production from apricot almonds meal, and response surface design was carried out to optimize the effect of hydrolysis conditions on hydrolysis degree (DH) and oligopeptide yield rate. Four independent variables were used to optimize the hydrolysis process: hydrolysis temperature (X(1)), enzyme-to substrate ratio (E/S) (X(2)), substrate concentration (X(3)) and reaction time (X(4)). Statistical analysis indicated that the four variables, quadratic terms of X(1), X(3), and X(4), and the interaction terms with X(1) had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on DH. The yield rate was also significantly affected by the four variables and quadratic terms of X(1), X(2) and X(4). Two mathematical models with high determination coefficient were obtained and could be employed to optimize protein hydrolysis. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows: hydrolysis temperature 52.5 °C; enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S) 7200 U/g; substrate concentration 2%; reaction time 173 min. The initial pH 6.5 and Neutrase-to-N120P dosage ratio 2:1 were fixed in this study according to the preliminary research. Under these conditions, the experimental DH and yield rate were 34.10 ± 5.25% and 72.42 ± 2.27%, respectively.     

Mumefural and related HMF derivatives from Japanese apricot fruit juice concentrate show multiple inhibitory effects on pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

Fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) has been shown to be effective against influenza A infection in MDCK cells. In this study, we isolated five components from the fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-formylfuran (HMF), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (mumefural, MF), 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (MF‘), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA1) and 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA2), and investigated their inhibitory activities against the novel influenza A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase functions, which are essential for viral attachment and budding, respectively. An hemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that MF and MF‘ were effective at minimum hemagglutination concentrations of 3.1 and 6.3 mM, respectively. An inhibition study for sialidase activity of the neuraminidase spike showed that MF was the most active anti-sialidase compound with an IC₅₀ value of 0.21 ± 0.01 mM, followed by MA2 (IC₅₀, 0.71 ± 0.09 mM), MA1 (IC₅₀, 1.64 ± 0.31 mM) and MF‘(IC₅₀, 1.62 ± 0.22 mM). Furthermore, MF was shown to inhibit the growth of the pandemic virus in a dose-dependent manner (62 ± 3% inhibition at 5 mM). The results suggest that MF, a citric acid ester linked to HMF at the 1-position of the propane backbone, might be a lead compound for the development of anti-influenza A inhibitors.     

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity in pulp and peel of apricot fruits of various varieties and maturity stages at harvest

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacities of peel and pulp tissues of six apricot varieties were determined. Variations in polyphenol and antioxidant capacity based on variety (early‐maturing varieties and late‐maturing varieties) and harvest maturity (green mature and full mature) were assessed. The results of principal component analysis revealed that (+)‐catechin made the most important contributions to the antioxidant capacities of the pulp. As the (+)‐catechin content in ‘Dajie’ apricot decreased by 36.8% from green mature to full mature, the antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS free radical scavenging assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay decreased by 50.0%, 45.2% and 45.8%, respectively. Levels of phenolic compounds in the apricot peels were approximately 2–4 times higher than those of the pulps. Quercetin‐3‐rutinoside may be substantially responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the peels. The late‐maturing varieties tended to have higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacities than the early‐maturing varieties. The antioxidant capacities in green mature apricots were much higher than those of full mature apricots.     

Thermal Conductivity of Pear, Sweet-cherry, Apricot, and Cherry-plum Juices as a Function of Temperature and Concentration

ABSTRACT:  The thermal conductivity of 4 fruit (pear, sweet-cherry, apricot, and cherry-plum) juices was measured with a coaxial-cylinder (steady-state) technique. Measurements were made, temperature range 20 to 120 °C, at concentrations between 12.2 and 50 °Brix. The uncertainty of the thermal conductivity measurements was estimated to be less than 2%. A semitheoretical method for the prediction of thermal conductivity of juices was proposed. It was found that the prediction Model IV,  λ ( T , x )/λ ( T ₀, x ) = ( T / T ₀) ⁿ   , where  λ  is the thermal conductivity, x is the concentration, and T is the temperature, developed in this work can be adopted with satisfaction. The thermal conductivity of juices can be predicted just by knowing the thermal conductivity  λ₀  at a reference temperature   T ₀  .