Is authoritative teaching beneficial for all students? A multi-level model of the effects of teaching style on interest and achievement.

This study examined the effects of the two facets of authoritative teaching—high academic press and caring for students—on student interest and achievement in mathematics for middle and high school students (N = 3,602 in 198 classrooms), and whether those effects are moderated by students' ethnicity (Hispanic, Vietnamese, and Caucasian Non-Hispanic). Tested with hierarchical modeling, a trend suggested that the authoritative teaching style predicted higher levels of interest for Hispanic students; however, the trend for caring was approaching significance, which suggests that future research should be conducted to determine whether authoritative and authoritarian teaching styles truly have different effects on interest for this group. Authoritarian teaching (high press and low caring) was positively related to interest for Vietnamese students. Results for Caucasian students did not differ from Hispanic students, but should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size. For all students, authoritarian teaching was positively associated with achievement gains. Results are discussed in terms of the relationships between teaching style and different academic outcomes among particular student groups, as informed by the parenting style and teaching style literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

西安地区机构养老现状及建筑的适应性初探

通过对西安地区机构养老建筑调查研究,分析当前西安市机构养老建筑存在的空间环境适应性问题;由此探索适合老年人心理及生理特点的建筑适应性设计模式,提供可行性的设计方法,以缓解老龄化给养老机构所带来的压力,对研究未来西安地区机构养老建筑适应性发展问题具有重要的现实意义.     

感官代偿设计在产品中的应用

通过对人的感知系统进行分析,将感官代偿这一生理现象应用到设计中,不仅能够方便产品的使用,也能够锻炼感官障碍者的感官代偿功能,从而验证感官代偿设计是一种行之有效的设计方法,让其人本关怀的特征发挥的淋漓尽致。     

Emotional and cardiovascular sensitization to daily stress following childhood parental loss.

Adverse childhood events can influence the development of emotional and physiological self-regulatory abilities, with significant consequences for vulnerability to psychological and physical illness. This study evaluated stress sensitization and inoculation models of the impact of early parental death on stress exposure and reactivity in late adolescence/young adulthood. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and diary reports of minor stress were collected every 30 min during waking hours over a 24-hr period from 91 late adolescents/young adults (43 early bereaved, 48 nonbereaved). Across the sample, minor stressors were associated with elevated BP and negative affect. The bereaved group had lower BP than did the nonbereaved group. Within the bereaved group, higher perceived caring from the surviving parent was associated with fewer reports of minor stress and lower stress-related negative affect. Higher perceived parental caring during childhood was associated with lower BP across the sample and more frequent hassles in the nonbereaved group. Findings support both the stress inoculation and sensitization models, suggesting that childhood parental loss and parental caring exert important influences on children's development of stress sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of caring youth sport contexts on efficacy-related beliefs and social behaviors.

Understanding what factors influence positive youth development has been advocated by youth development researchers (P. L. Benson, 2006; J. S. Eccles & J. A. Gootman, 2002). Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine whether perceptions of a caring youth sport context influenced prosocial and antisocial behavior through efficacy-related beliefs, that is, positive and negative affective self-regulatory efficacy (ASRE) and empathic self-efficacy (ESE). Multiethnic youths taking part in summer sport programs (N = 395) completed a questionnaire that measured perceptions of the caring climate, ESE, ASRE, and social behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether ASRE and ESE mediated the relationship between caring and social behaviors. Findings revealed that perceptions of caring positively predicted ASRE and ESE. In turn, positive ASRE positively predicted ESE. Prosocial behaviors were positively linked to ESE, whereas antisocial behaviors were negatively predicted by positive ASRE. The results suggest that caring influences prosocial and antisocial behavior because such contexts develop youths' ability to monitor, manage, and control positive affect, which in turn enhances their belief in their ability to empathize. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Unsaturated ester resins

Vinyl ester resins (VERs) are often described as a cross between unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. VERs offer an upgrade to epoxy resins, and they tend to be selected when chemical and temperature resistance is required. This research was aimed at developing the synthesis of unsaturated ester resins (UERs), which are similar to VERs. UERs were synthesized by the addition of dihydrodicyclopentadienyl hydrogen maleate to the terminal epoxy groups in low‐molecular‐weight bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resins. The effect of urethanization of UERs on the properties of the crosslinked polymer was also investigated. As crosslinking monomers, styrene and glycol dimethacrylates were used. The following properties of cured UERs were determined: the heat deflection temperature, alkali resistance, and the mechanical strength. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2627–2631, 2006     

Perceived awareness and caring influences alcohol use by high school and college students.

Perceived awareness and caring, or beliefs about how much parents and peers know and care about students' behavior, was assessed in relation to students' drinking patterns. Prior to and at the end of the first semester at college, participants completed Web-based surveys assessing alcohol use, family and social motives, and perceived awareness and caring from parents and peers. Family motives moderated the effect of perceived parental awareness and caring on the quantity of high school alcohol use, whereas social motives moderated the effect of perceived peer awareness and caring on frequency and quantity of college drinking. Longitudinally, college alcohol use was predicted by perceived awareness and caring from parents. Perceived awareness and caring may affect alcohol use whereby parents exert influence during high school but peers are more influential in college. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differing Conceptions of Moral Exemplarity: Just, Brave, and Caring.

People's conceptions of different types of moral exemplarity were examined in an attempt to augment the current emphasis on moral rationality with a fuller understanding of moral personality. In Study 1 (with 805 adults), a free-listing procedure was used to generate the attributes of 3 types of moral exemplars (just, brave, and caring). In Study 2 (with 401 undergraduates), prototypicality- and personality-rating procedures were used to generate a personality profile for each type of moral exemplar and to examine the relations among them. In Study 3 (with 240 undergraduates), a similarity-sorting procedure was used to identify the typologies implicit in people's understanding of these different types of moral exemplarity. The findings indicate that moral excellence can be exemplified in rather divergent ways and that understanding of moral functioning would be enhanced by attention to this wider range of moral virtues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

和谐社会背景下文学艺术和谐元素的培育

文学艺术的和谐元素是社会和谐思想的承载者,＂和谐理论＂可溯源于中外古代文学艺术理论,如古希腊和中国古代和的谐美理论。当前文学艺术存在着创作方面不和谐、评论方面不和谐等突出问题,应当把握和谐社会建设的时代脉动,从激浊扬清、褒美贬恶,疏通民意、化解矛盾,倡导环保、关注自然等方面营造和谐的文化氛围,为建设和谐社会提供良好的文化条件。     

对老龄化背景下居住区活动场所的调查研究——以杭州市若干居住小区为例

以不同类型的居住小区活动场所为调研对象,归纳活动场所在老年人Et常生活交往、社区设施布置及环境规划等方面的不足,从总体模式和细节处理上提出对不同类型居住区在规划与建设上的对策,研究结果可供政府将适老社区改造纳入城市综合改造的政策制定参考,也可为今后社区开发中涉及中老年客户的地产项目提供理论支持。