课程群案例嵌入协同教学模式的探索

在课程群的教学中由于每门课程各自独立开展教学,缺乏知识的融合和衔接,导致学生运用综合知识解决问题的能力较弱。在课程群的教学中采用案例嵌入协同教学模式,将完整的工程案例嵌入到课程群各门课程的教学中,协同规划各门课程的教学任务,每门课程再围绕案例展开研究性教学。通过嵌入的工程案例衔接各门课程的知识点,帮助学生建构完整的知识体系,强化工程应用的概念；同时通过研究性教学,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,两部分相结合,提高了学生运用综合知识解决复杂问题的能力。     

卷烟机参数对细支烟卷制的影响

研究了卷烟机针辊回丝量电压值、大风机压力、小风机压力等卷烟机关键工艺参数对细支烟机台运行情况和烟支物理质量的影响规律。结果表明:①针辊回丝量、大风机压力、小风机压力对细支卷烟机台设备运行情况和细支烟物理质量指标均有不同程度的影响;②回丝量对平整盘位置和空头率影响显著(P<0.05);③随着回丝量的增大,平整盘位置减小,压实量增大,空头率减小;④大风机压力对平整盘位置影响显著(P<0.05);⑤随着大风机负压的增大,平整盘位置减小。综上,增加回丝量可以减小细支烟空头率,改善细支烟的质量。     

Measurement of chemical emission rates from cigarette butts into air

This study examined airborne emissions from cigarette butts for styrene, 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, naphthalene, triacetin, and nicotine. Ten experiments were conducted by placing butts in a stainless steel chamber and measuring the chemical concentrations in chamber air. Emission rates were determined from the concentrations. Triacetin and nicotine concentrations were roughly 50% of initial concentrations after 100 hours, while concentrations of other chemicals decayed to less than 10% of initial concentrations within 24 hours. Initial emission rates per cigarette butt ranged from 200 to 3500 ng h⁻¹. Triacetin and nicotine emission rates at 25°C were 1.6 to 2.2 times higher than the rates at 20°C, while the emission rates of other chemicals at 25°C were 1.1 to 1.3 times higher than the rates at 20°C only during the first sampling period. The chemical concentrations and emission rates at 30°C were comparable or lower than the values at 25°C, possibly due to different batches of cigarettes used. The 24-hours emitted mass of nicotine from a cigarette butt at 25°C could be up to 14% of the literature reported nicotine masses emitted from a burning cigarette.     

基于跨临界CO2热泵的茶叶生产能源系统负荷削减潜力

乡村产业中的化石能源设备逐渐被电能技术替代，引起了乡村负荷波动增大、部分时段产生集中高负荷的问题。为了解决以上问题，将低品位清洁能源应用至乡村的茶叶生产中，针对烘茶全过程的工艺要求提出了跨临界CO₂热泵烘茶技术；并以某茶叶生产乡村为对象，对其代表台区的全年日用电量及产茶日负荷进行了分析，得出采用CO₂热泵烘茶后其负荷得到大幅度削减，整体可降低至原负荷的39.6%~46.8%，峰值负荷与平时负荷的比值由原本的13.6降至5.4~6.2。跨临界CO₂热泵应用至农产品生产中可有效缓解乡村供电压力。     

映秀湾电站水轮机转轮沙水流动数值模拟

为了研究映秀湾水电站水轮机内部沙水流动特性,对水轮机进行沙水流动数值模拟,分析水轮机转轮部分沙水流动情况。研究结果表明,转轮内叶片进水边及出水边靠下环处是泥沙分布的主要区域。研究结果对水轮机泥沙磨损的研究具有指导意义。     

恒湿文物展柜用吸附式空气取水方法

博物馆恒湿文物展柜的湿度控制至关重要，为实现展柜的自动恒湿功能，本文基于吸附式空气取水原理，提出了一种将环境水汽自动补充至恒湿文物展柜系统水箱的方法，并搭建了相应的小型空气取水装置，证明了该方法的可行性；同时，构建了传热传质耦合的空气取水装置数学模型，在获取环境温湿度对装置取水量的影响规律后，分析加热功率和吸附床结构对装置单位能耗取水量的影响；此外，为便于装置的后期推广应用，提出了两个基于吸附床高度和直径的量纲为1参数。结果表明：进口空气的温度对取水量影响较小，但进口空气的湿度对取水量影响较明显，取水量随着湿度增加而增加；加热功率存在最优值，单位能耗取水量随着加热功率先增大后减小；在当前几何参数组合下，两个量纲为1参数η=2、β=4时，装置的单位能耗取水量最高。     

茉莉微胶囊的热失重及其对卷烟纸热裂解产物的影响

采用热失重分析仪及热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用仪对自制茉莉微胶囊及微胶囊卷烟纸进行热失重和热裂解产物分析。结果表明,微胶囊在235℃以上发生主要质量损失,囊芯物质从壁材分解的孔洞中逐步释放出来,整个质量损失过程比较平缓,未出现突释;茉莉微胶囊卷烟纸热裂解产物以易挥发的小分子醛类、酮类化合物为主,随裂解温度的升高,其热裂解产物在600℃时增加明显,而在900℃时增幅不如空白卷烟纸。茉莉微胶囊卷烟纸在300℃时裂解产生具有茉莉特征的二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯,对卷烟烟气成分和感官质量产生一定的影响。     

基于过程与场景分析的航天应用软件测试方法

航天应用软件系统具有软件种类多、规模大、信息交换关系复杂等特点，如何开展软件测试是工程实践中的一个难题。结合某测控信息应用软件系统实例，提出了一种基于形式化模型的软件系统测试方法。基于软件系统形式化定义和线索分析技术，绘制软件系统运行流程图、阶段分析图，建立可表述软件系统级行为的场景树模型和场景树图；根据测试充分性要求，提出基于场景树图的路径覆盖准则，给出满足路径覆盖准则的测试用例集自动化生成算法；结合工程实例，给出了方法应用数据，开展测试结果分析。验证结果表明该测试方法是可行的和有效的，能够保障软件测试的充分性。     

综合案例设计在“传感器与测试技术”课程教学中的应用

“传感器与测试技术”涉及多学科交叉，是“通专融合、跨界培养”为特征的新工科人才培养中相关专业的重要课程。在非电类专业本科生所学相应基础知识有限的情况下，如何利用有限学时达到最佳教学效果，是本课程面临的一个挑战。本文探讨了教学中对不同类型传感器知识体系的凝练方法，以综合案例的分析对不同学科知识进行交叉应用介绍，希望能够加深学生对理论知识的理解，提高课堂的参与度，锻炼学生综合思考的能力。     

Using learning methodologies and resources in the development of critical thinking competency: An exploratory study in a virtual learning environment

This study aims to design and implement new learning methodologies and resources that seek to advance the development and assessment of one of the fundamental students’ competencies from any Business Administration Degree, such as critical thinking, that is, this is an exploratory study on computing for human learning, specifically, learning of key competencies for business. We are going to use audiovisual case methodology through the use of short film clips, usually real stories, to help students understand the practical implications of theoretical concepts explained in the classroom. A theoretical model test uses data from 32 business students from the Open University of Catalonia. The first results show positive attitudes toward a new technological resource ‘audio-visual cases’. They indicate that the use of this tool can improve the comprehension of a problem and its origins and, at the same time, stimulate learning. In addition, this tool helps to develop critical thinking competency. This study offers important contributions to an e-learning environment and their applicability to the workplace, since it is the first type of research about the impact of audiovisual cases in the acquisition of critical thinking competency. Furthermore, this methodology promotes collaborative learning.