基于磁偶极子的2阶磁场梯度张量缩并方法

针对磁场定位中2阶磁场梯度张量的理论尚不够完善的现状，提出基于磁偶极子的2阶磁 场梯度张量缩并方法。给出2阶磁场梯度张量的全局模量和局部模量计算公式，分析2阶磁场梯度张量的全局模量和局部模量及相关参数的三维空间分布规律，并给出相关参数k_H、k_Hxy和k_Hz的近似计算公式，比较1阶磁场梯度张量和2阶磁场梯度张量及其模量的分布规律及与距离的关系。计算结果表明：全局模量C_H及参数k_H值在0°≤≤90°时，随着增大而减小，在=0°时最大，在=90°时最小；局部模量C_Hxy和参数k_Hxy值在0°≤≤90°时，随先增加、后减少，当=35° 时最大，当=90°时最小；局部模量C_Hz和参数k_Hz随先减少、后增加，当=0°时最大，当=71°时最小；k_H、k_Hxy和k_Hz的拟合值与理论反演值高度吻合；在距离较近时，2阶磁场梯度张量及模量更敏感；在距离较远时，1阶磁场梯度张量及模量更敏感；在实际磁场定位的应用中，可结合1阶和2阶磁场梯度张量及全局模量进行使用。     

基于三种干旱指标的朝阳市干旱特征分析

旱灾具有出现频率高、持续时间长、波及范围广等特点，本文运用降水距平百分率、Z指数、SPI标准化降水指数，对朝阳地区50a（1969～2018）干旱特征进行分析。结果表明：Z指数与SPI标准化降水指标得到的朝阳地区干旱特征情况基本一致，能较好地反映出该地区的干旱特征，朝阳地区1969～2018年自然灾害频繁发生，严重干旱年份主要集中在1980、1981、1982 年，与实际相符。     

Impact of A134 and E218 Amino Acid Residues of Tropomyosin on Its Flexibility and Function

Tropomyosin (Tpm) is one of the major actin-binding proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of muscle contraction. The flexibility of the Tpm molecule is believed to be vital for its functioning, although its role and significance are under discussion. We choose two sites of the Tpm molecule that presumably have high flexibility and stabilized them with the A134L or E218L substitutions. Applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular dynamics (MD), co-sedimentation, trypsin digestion, and in vitro motility assay, we characterized the properties of Tpm molecules with these substitutions. The A134L mutation prevented proteolysis of Tpm molecule by trypsin, and both substitutions increased the thermal stability of Tpm and its bending stiffness estimated from MD simulation. None of these mutations affected the primary binding of Tpm to F-actin; still, both of them increased the thermal stability of the actin-Tpm complex and maximal sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments in vitro at a saturating Ca²⁺ concentration. However, the mutations differently affected the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of the sliding velocity and pulling force produced by myosin heads. The data suggest that both regions of instability are essential for correct regulation and fine-tuning of Ca²⁺-dependent interaction of myosin heads with F-actin.     

Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

High-capacity reversible hydrogen storage in scandium decorated holey graphyne: Theoretical perspectives

We have investigated the hydrogen storage capabilities of scandium decorated holey graphyne, a recently synthesized carbon allotrope, by applying density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. We have observed that one unit cell of holey graphyne can adsorb 6 Sc atoms, and each Sc atom can adsorb up to 5H₂ molecules with an average binding energy and average desorption temperature of ?0.36 eV/H₂ and 464 K, respectively. The gravimetric weight percentage of hydrogen is 9.80%, which is considerably higher than the Department of Energy, United-States requirements of 6.5%. We have found that a total amount of 1.9e charge transfers from the 3d and 4s orbitals of Sc atom to the C-2p orbitals of holey graphyne by performing the Bader charge analysis. Hydrogen molecules are bonded with the scandium atom by Kubas interactions. The ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations confirm the structural integrity of scandium decorated holey graphyne system at the high desorption temperatures. The presence of sufficient diffusion energy barriers for the Sc atom ensure the avoidance of metal-metal clustering in the system.     

Tunable Ni/Fe-Mo carbide catalyst with high activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction

Cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are attractive for sustainable production of H₂ fuel. Herein, a series of tunable Ni/Fe-Mo carbide catalysts have been synthesized via a sol-gel method coupling with a subsequent high temperature carbonization process. The amount of nickel and iron was tuned in the Mo₇/C precursors, accomplishing a favourable performance of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for HER. As expected, the designed Ni₁₀Fe₄Mo₇/C catalyst displays an enhanced catalytic activity toward hydrogen production with an ultralow overpotential (η₁₀ = 110 mV) and striking kinetics (η_onset = 58 mV, k = 54 mV · dec⁻¹) in the alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), which are comparable to those of the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst. Such excellent performance of Ni₁₀Fe₄Mo₇/C could be attributed to the high intrinsic activities of Ni-based alloys (NiMo₄) and Mo₂C, as well as to the lattice contraction in the Mo₂C unit cell, in accordance with its high electrochemical surface area (~133 m² · g⁻¹) and low charge-transfer resistance (~31.5 Ω) for the associated electrode.     

我国3岁及以上居民碳酸饮料中添加糖摄入状况分析

目的了解我国3岁及以上居民碳酸饮料中添加糖的摄入状况。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,2014年在我国14个省(市)抽取28个城市区和县内的27 485名3岁及以上常住人群作为调查对象,利用非连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法收集调查对象碳酸饮料的消费状况,结合2015年开展的饮料添加糖含量专项调查中132份碳酸饮料糖含量数据,采用简单分布评估方法计算人群碳酸饮料中添加糖摄入量分布和饮料提供的能量,并与人群膳食摄入总能量相比计算碳酸饮料中添加糖的供能比。结果我国14个省(市)3岁及以上居民碳酸饮料添加糖每日平均摄入量为0.5 g,供能比为0.11%,其中碳酸饮料消费人群添加糖每日平均摄入量为13.4 g,中位数为12.3 g,供能比为2.69%。不同消费人群添加糖每日摄入量的中位数比较,男性(15.3 g)高于女性(10.1 g),城市(13.8 g)高于农村(10.7 g),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。碳酸饮料中添加糖的供能比比较,男女之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);城市(3.02%)高于农村(2.01%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);13～17岁年龄组人群的碳酸饮料供能比最高为3.41%。结论 13～17岁青少年为碳酸饮料中添加糖的高消费群体,应重点开展科普宣教,引导合理消费。     

Application of GMDH neural network technique to improve measuring precision of a simplified photon attenuation based two-phase flowmeter

Multiphase flowmeters have an important role to play in the industry and any attempts that lead to improvements in this field are of great interest. In the current study, group method of data handling (GMDH) technique was applied in order to increase measuring precision of a simple photon attenuation based two-phase flowmeter that has the ability to estimate the gas volumetric percentage in a two-phase flow without any dependency to flow regime pattern. The simple photon attenuation based system is comprised of a cobalt-60 radioisotope and only one 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm sodium iodide crystal detector. Four extracted features from recorded photon spectrum in sodium iodide crystal detector were used as the inputs of GMDH neural network. Equations related to the combination of the features and the error rate of each approximation is also reported in this paper. Applying the mentioned technique, the gas volumetric percentage in an oil-gas two phase flow was determined with the root mean square error of less than 2.71 without any dependency to the flow pattern. The obtained measuring precision in this study is at least 2.1 times better than reported in previous studies.