英国食品GDAs标签的发展经验及对中国的启发

对英国食品每日摄入量指南（GDAs）标签开展案例研究，结果发现，GDAs标签从包装背面标签转为FOP标签，实施已有20年以上。该标签采用特定营养素体系度量法模型，显示每份食品能量、糖、脂肪、饱和脂肪、盐的含量及其每日参考摄入量占比，既没有颜色编码又没有形象的图标显示，且实施效果不如多数FOP标签。对此，中国可考虑将营养成分表信息以食品份量单位直观显示在包装正面，方便消费者关注与理解。     

食用油脂生产过程中邻苯二甲酸酯类的迁移规律及其脱除方法的研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类类激素污染物,在污染的食用油脂中均有存在。PAEs具有致畸、致突变、致癌以及生殖毒性,对食品安全带来高风险。目前,PAEs已被美国、日本、中国先后列入"优先控制污染物名单",也成为我国食品安全领域重点监控对象。对食用油脂加工过程中PAEs的迁移规律和脱除方法进行了综述及展望,以期为食用油脂生产企业预防塑化剂对产品造成二次污染提供帮助。     

Practical in-storage interventions to control foodborne pathogens on fresh produce

Although tremendous efforts have been made to ensure fresh produce safety, various foodborne outbreaks and recalls occur annually. Most of the current intervention strategies are evaluated within a short timeframe (less than 1 h), leaving the behavior of the remaining pathogens unknown during subsequent storages. This review summarized outbreak and recall surveillance data from 2009 to 2018 obtained from government agencies in the United States to identify major safety concerns associated with fresh produce, discussed the postharvest handling of fresh produce and the limitations of current antimicrobial interventions, and reviewed the intervention strategies that have the potential to be applied in each storage stage at the commercial scale. One long-term (up to 12 months) prepacking storage (apples, pears, citrus among others) and three short-term (up to 3 months) postpacking storages were identified. During the prepacking storage, continuous application of gaseous ozone at low doses (≤1 ppm) is a feasible option. Proper concentration, adequate circulation, as well as excess gas destruction and ventilation systems are essential to commercial application. At the postpacking storage stages, continuous inhibition can be achieved through controlled release of gaseous chlorine dioxide in packaging, antimicrobial edible coatings, and biocontrol agents. During commercialization, factors that need to be taken into consideration include physicochemical properties of antimicrobials, impacts on fresh produce quality and sensory attributes, recontamination and cross-contamination, cost, and feasibility of large-scale production. To improve fresh produce safety and quality during storage, the collaboration between researchers and the fresh produce industry needs to be improved.     

Application of osmotic dehydration and microwave drying to strawberries coated with edible films

Osmotic dehydration (OD) is one of the conventional methods to increase the shelf-life of vegetables and fruits. However, the operating conditions can adversely affect the organoleptic and nutritional quality of fresh products due to the high sugar uptake during processing and the loss of water-soluble constituents to the osmotic medium. The application of edible films has attracted interest due to their ability to reduce the entry of solutes and simultaneously increase the removal of water during OD treatments. Microwave (MW) is one of the most effective emerging technologies to accelerate dehydration processes in vegetable matrices. This aspect is particularly relevant in strawberries, given its high content in bioactive and nutritional compounds. Thus, the aim of this paper was to assess the influence of edible film application (alginate–lactate) in strawberry slabs during combined OD-microwaves dehydration processes. Samples of 1?cm thickness were treated with sucrose solution (60°Bx, 40?°C, 4?h) and then were dehydrated in a microwave oven (1.2?W/g). The application of alginate–lactate edible films resulted in similar weight and water losses but lower solids gain compared to uncoated samples during OD treatment. OD pre-treated MW-dried strawberry slabs with moisture contents up to 0.15?kg dry basis were obtained after 100?min of MW drying. Besides, the effective diffusional coefficient (D_e) was estimated for MW drying process, values ranged from 4.5 to 8.8 10^?10 m²/s when shrinkage effect was considered, and from 1.1 to 2.3 10^?9 m²/s for constant thickness assumption.     

食用槟榔货架期内品质控制研究

目的：探究食用槟榔返卤返白的原因。方法：主要通过搜集2000—2020年涉及食用槟榔卤水专利，以及相关工厂案例进行研究与分析。结果：在食用槟榔卤水的制备过程中原料的粒径大小、环境温度与湿度的高低、样品中水分含量及设备的自动化程度均可能造成食用槟榔返卤返白。结论：加工槟榔时应采取以严格控制水分、复配添加剂使用为主，工艺包装调整为辅,给予低温贮藏市售环境的方法，抑制返卤返白的产生。     

云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量调查

目的 调查云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量水平。方法 收集云南省9个州市常见新鲜野生食用菌共计26个品种189件, 按照GB 5009.93-2017 《食品安全国家标准 食品中硒的测定》中原子荧光光谱法测定所采集的新鲜野生食用菌中的硒含量。结果 189件新鲜野生食用菌中有188件样品中检出硒, 检出率为99.5%, 硒含量范围为0.5~2670 μg/100 g, 平均值为126.0 μg/100 g, 中位值为35.0 μg/100 g, 其中硒含量最高的是昆明的干巴菌, 为2670 μg/100 g。结论 本研究为云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量评价提供基础数据。     

SM/GF-4汽油机油技术的研究开发

介绍了中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的SM/GF-4汽油机油复合添加剂和油品配方技术。采用该技术生产的油品模拟试验性能和物理化学性质均能满足SM/GF-4规格指标要求，该油品配方中复合添加剂的加剂量(w)为7.5%。采用MTM和HFRR摩擦磨损试验对新开发的SM/GF-4 5W-30油品进行了减摩和低温抗磨性能研究，发现油酸甘油酯减摩剂老化后仍然具有较好的减摩性能。采用X射线光电子能谱分析了该油品进行程序IIIG高温抗氧化发动机台架试验后的活塞沉积物成分，结果表明活塞沉积物中除积炭外，主要含有发动机油的硫酸盐灰分。     

2016—2017年广西食用植物油质量安全监测评价分析

对广西食用植物油质量安全水平和污染程度进行监测评价。2016—2017年对广西14个地级市共抽检监测食用植物油3 821份，按照 GB/T 5009 检测酸价、过氧化值、浸出油溶剂残留、黄曲霉毒素B1、总砷、铅和苯并(a)芘，并依据 GB 2716—2005对食用油进行评价。结果表明：抽检食用植物油总合格率为 92.04%；2016、2017年食用植物油合格率分别为96.70%和91.22%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。从种类看，玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油合格率分别为100%、93.75%和99.61%。花生油合格率最低，为87.83%，黄曲霉毒素B1超标是花生油不合格的主要原因，检出率为8.85%。从包装看，预包装食用植物油的合格率（99.70%）明显高于散装（83.72%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。食用植物油生产加工环节的合格率最低，为88.01%。广西玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油相对而言抽检合格率较高，花生油合格率较低，应加强花生油的抽检监测和监督管理，通过严格落实生产经营者主体责任，积极引导消费者科学理性消费，持续深化小油坊专项治理，不断强化质量安全控制技术研究，逐步推进广西食用植物油安全水平稳步提升。