Investigation of structural,optical, electrical,and magnetic properties of Fe-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 manganites

In this work, the physical properties of nanocrystalline samples of La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_1−xFe_xO₃ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) perovskite manganites synthesized by the reverse micelle (RM) technique were explored in detail. The phase purity, crystal structure, and crystallite size of the samples were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All the samples had rhombohedral crystal structure and crystallite size increased with increase in Fe content in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃. The scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) exhibited smooth surface morphology and nonuniform shape of the particles. The optical properties studied using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the absorbance and optical band gap with an increase in Fe content in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ compound. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements revealed semiconducting nature of x = 0 and 0.1 samples up to the studied temperature range, while a metal-to-insulator transition was observed at higher Fe doping. Magnetic studies revealed weak ferromagnetism in all the samples and a reduction in the maximum magnetization with an increase in Fe content. A close correlation between electrical transport and magnetic properties was observed with the doping of Fe ion in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ at Mn site. These results advocate strong interactions associated with the double exchange mechanism among Fe³⁺ and Mn³⁺ ions.     

Curie Temperatures of III–V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Calculated from First-Principles in Mean Field Approximation

Electronic structure and ferromagnetism in III–V compound-based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are investigated based on first-principles calculations by using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent-potential-approximation. The stability of the ferromagnetic phase in GaN-, GaAs-, GaP-, GaSb-based DMS is investigated systematically. The calculations show that 3d-impurities from the first-half of the transition metal series favor the ferromagnetic state, while impurities from the latter-half of the series exhibit spin-glass behavior. This chemical trend in the magnetism is explained by the double exchange mechanism taking the local symmetry at the impurity gap states into account. Curie temperatures of GaAs- and GaN-based DMS are estimated by using the Heisenberg model in a mean field approximation with the parameters calculated from first-principles. It is suggested that room-temperature ferromagnetism can be realized in these systems.     

Magnetic effects of direct ion implantation of Mn and Fe into p-GaN

In p-GaN implanted with Mn (3×10¹⁶ cm⁻² at 250 keV), the material after annealing shows ferromagnetic properties below 250 K. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of platelet structures with hexagonal symmetry. These regions are most likely Ga_xMn_1−xN, which produce the ferromagnetic contribution to the magnetization. In p-GaN implanted with Fe, the material after annealing showed ferromagnetic properties at temperatures that were dependent on the Fe dose, but were below 200 K in all cases. In these samples, TEM and diffraction analysis did not reveal any secondary phase formation. The results for the Fe implantation are similar to those reported for Fe doping during epitaxial growth of GaN.     

钙钛矿型铋铁氧体纳米微粒的弱铁磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的纯净单相钙钛矿型BiFeO3纳米微粒. X射线衍射分析表明，BiFeO3纳米微粒仍为菱方结构，但晶格畸变随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 磁测量显示，BiFeO3纳米微粒具有明显弱铁磁性，且弱铁磁性随温度升高显著降低. 弱铁磁性的自发磁化强度随温度升高呈线性下降，磁化强度和磁化率均随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 穆斯堡尔谱分析揭示，颗粒愈小，自旋倾角愈大，其分布也愈宽. 从纳米微粒小尺寸效应和表面效应入手，讨论了BiFeO3纳米微粒结构与磁结构和弱铁磁性的关系.     

Coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic in Mn-doped anatase TiO2 nanowires

A series of Mn-doped TiO_2 nanowires (NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal method at the mole fraction of Mn changing from 0 to 12.0%. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that all the samples have pure anatase structure. SEM and TEM studies show that the diameter and the length of the Mn-doped TiO_2 NWs are larger than those of the undoped TiO_2 NWs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals that the samples are composed of Ti, Mn and O. According to magnetization measurements, all samples show ferromagnetic behavior, but only the undopedTiO_2 NWs are completely ferromagnetic with a saturated magnetization about 1.0 mA·m~2/kg. Mn-doped TiO_2 samples exhibit antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic (AF-FM) behaviors simultaneously. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrate the existence of MnO_2 sublattice. These observations indicate that an AF-WF crossover is induced by the coexistence of TiO_2 sublattice and MnO_2 sublattice.     

Cu掺杂AlN的铁磁稳定性的第一性原理计算

文章采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势法,结合广义梯度近似计算了Cu掺杂AlN的晶格常数、能带结构、电子态密度、铁磁态和反铁磁态的总能量,并通过平均场近似的海森堡模型估算了居里温度Tc。结果表明,Cu掺杂体系的能带结构呈现半金属性,半金属能隙为0.442eV。铁磁性是Cu原子的3d态与其最近邻的N原子的2p态通过p-d杂化作用而稳定的。当两个Cu原子相距最远且自旋平行排列时,体系具有最低的能量,估算出此时的居里温度高于室温,因此Cu掺杂AlN有望作为稀磁半导体材料。     

Thermally activated giant piezoelectricity and enhanced interface elastic strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling

Perovskite materials with compositions in the vicinity of the steep morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) exhibit various intriguing properties including giant piezoelectricity and large dielectric constant. Aside from composition, the phase configuration of the perovskites is also strongly related to the ambient temperature. Here, we report a giant piezoelectricity of 10 980 pm/V at 93°C in the 0.7Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.3PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) single crystals which is more than five times larger than that at room temperature. The enhanced piezoelectricity can be attributed to the instability of the thermally induced tetragonal phase which can be converted to the orthorhombic phase by the external electric field in the <011> oriented single crystal. The transverse piezoelectricity has been investigated by measuring the electric-field-dependent ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field in the CoFeB/PMN-PT magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures. The ME coupling coefficient has been increased from 49.3 to 476 Oe cm/kV as temperature increased from 25 to 90°C. The findings reveal that both longitudinal and transverse piezoelectricity in the PMN-PT single crystals can be greatly enhanced by proper setting of ambient temperature, indicating an effective route for the design of strain-mediated tunable devices with ultralow driving voltage.     

机械合金化Mn90Bi10纳米晶合金的结构和磁性

研究了Ｍｎ９０Ｂｉ１０混合粉末在机械合金化过程中结构和磁性的变化。Ｘ射线衍射，ＤＳＣ分析和饱和磁化强度的测量结果表明：Ｍｎ９０ＢＩ１０混合粉末通过合金化可以形成纳米晶合金，而且经过短时间球磨即可迅速细化而达到纳米尺度。机械合金化可以明显提高铋在锰中的固溶度。反铁磁性的Ｍｎ元素和抗磁性的Ｂｉ元素通过机械合金化可以产生铁磁性。     

氮化铟薄膜的p型掺杂和铁磁性研究进展

Ⅲ族氮化物半导体材料(InN、GaN、AlN)由于能带结构的特殊性,使其在光电器件与微波等领域得到广泛应用。其中,研究和发展InN材料及器件已被公认是占领光电信息技术领域战略至高点的重要途径,InN材料的p型导电以及室温铁磁性研究更是成为Ⅲ族氮化物中新颖的研究课题。首先简单介绍InN的晶体结构和制备方法,并分析其目前所遇到的挑战,然后重点阐述国际上关于InN在p型掺杂以及铁磁性领域的研究进展,同时介绍本课题组在该方面的研究,最后进行了简要总结和展望。     

室温铁磁性蒲公英状氧化锌的制备及生长机理研究

以锌粉、醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法制备出了具有结构性缺陷的蒲公英状ZnO。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪和超导量子干涉仪对产物的结构形貌和光学性能及磁学性能进行了表征,并对其生长机理进行了探讨。研究表明,蒲公英状氧化锌为六方纤锌矿结构,由许多顶端为锥尖形的棒自组装而成;其荧光本征发射峰在388nm处,属于激子跃迁发射。在波长450～492nm处所观察到的3个弱蓝光峰是由锌填隙原子中的电子到价带顶的跃迁所致;在波长492～580nm范围内出现的较为宽泛的绿光发射峰根源于电子从导带底到氧错位缺陷能级间的跃迁。蒲公英状ZnO中存在的结构性缺陷使得原本呈现抗磁性的ZnO具有了室温铁磁性,从而可作为一种稀磁半导体应用到自旋电子学领域中。