A thermoelectric generator comprising selenium-doped bismuth telluride on flexible carbon cloth with n-type thermoelectric properties

Carbon cloth was used as a flexible substrate for bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) particles to provide flexibility and improve the overall thermoelectric performance. Bi₂Te₃ on carbon cloth (Bi₂Te₃/CC) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction with various reaction times. After over 12 h, the Bi₂Te₃ particles showed a clear hexagonal shape and were evenly adhered to the carbon cloth. Selenium (Se) atoms were doped into the Bi₂Te₃ structure to improve its thermoelectric performance. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing Se-dopant content until 40% Se was added. Moreover, the maximum power factor was 1300 μW/mK² at 473 K for the 30% Se-doped sample. The carbon cloth substrate maintained its electrical resistivity and flexibility after 2000 bending cycles. A flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) fabricated using the five pairs of 30% Se-doped sample showed an open-circuit voltage of 17.4 mV and maximum power output of 850 nW at temperature difference ΔT = 30 K. This work offers a promising approach for providing flexibility and improving the thermoelectric performance of inorganic thermoelectric materials for wearable device applications using flexible carbon cloth substrate for low temperature range application.     

直流配网型混合动力系统在车客渡船上的应用

针对车客渡船动力负荷切换频繁,传统柴油机推进油耗高、排放和噪声大的问题,提出一种基于变速发电机组和超级电容储能装置的直流配网型混合动力系统。目前系统已成功应用于“江苏路渡3011”轮,实船运行数据显示:该混合动力系统不仅能达到较好的节油效果、降低排放,更在操控性、舒适性上优于传统的柴油机推进模式。     

Wind turbine speed control of a contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester

ABSTRACT

Wind turbine control is an important task to make the electricity generation secure in terms of energy demand and machine safety. It also yields to control the desired power level and optimized energy because of the assignment of turbine speed. The contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester (CPWEH) used in this study has three piezoelectric layers located around the shaft with 120 degrees apart and they are buckled by the magnetic force without any physical contact. The superiority of this device is to generate energy for low wind speeds such as 1.5 m/s. However, for high speeds, high total harmonic distortions (THDs) govern the waveforms, thus controlling the turbine speed becomes necessary for optimizing the output power. Encouraged by this, a small low inertia dc generator is coupled with the wind turbine, and the generator terminals are connected to a resistor through a power switch to generate a braking torque that opposes to wind speed direction. By controlling the switch properly, turbine speed is ensured to remain within a certain band, which accordingly prevents the turbine from rotating very fast at damaging wind speeds. Several experiments are performed on the developed CPWEH with/without the presented control scheme which prove the existence of promising performance of our proposal.     

矩形通道内冲孔矩形小翼涡流发生器的流动换热特性

雷诺数Re=214～10 703时,通过数值模拟方法对布置有冲孔和无孔的两种矩形小翼涡流发生器的矩形通道进行了传热和流阻特性的研究。计算结果表明:在低雷诺数下,冲孔矩形小翼涡流发生器的传热因子j值与无孔矩形小翼涡流发生器相差不大,而在高雷诺数下,冲孔涡流发生器的传热因子j值略低于无孔涡流发生器,大约低1.03%～3.05%。在相同的雷诺数下,无孔矩形小翼涡流发生器的阻力因子f大于冲孔涡流发生器,而且随着雷诺数的增大二者的差距也越来越大。通过对比综合性能指标可知,两种通道的综合性能指标均随着雷诺数的增加而减小,而且冲孔矩形小翼涡流发生器的综合性能要优于无孔矩形小翼涡流发生器。     

军工船舶发电机用特种漆包线的研制

为提升漆包线产品的技术水平与行业市场竞争力,使产品进入漆包线产品的高端市场,扩大公司漆包线新品种与技术储备,提升公司科研创新和新产品的研发能力,与客户合作开展对军工船舶发电机用特种漆包线的研制。根据特种漆包线的性能要求和关键技术,对其漆膜绝缘材料的选择、产品结构的设计与优化及研制的生产工艺技术进行探讨,研制出的特种漆包线通过对其性能考核,完全满足客户的各项性能指标要求。     

机电复合作用下发电电动机磁极连接线建模及应力分析

针对抽水蓄能机组发电电动机转子磁极连接线现有设计校核往往仅考虑单一机械应力作用,提出计及机端短路故障的机电复合作用下发电电动机磁极连接线建模及应力分析方法。首先,基于有限元方法建立某抽水蓄能机组发电电动机转子结构有限元模型,得到磁极连接线不同工况下单一机械应力结果,然后建立机端三相短路故障下发电电动机电磁场有限元模型,得到计及故障下电磁力作用的机电复合应力结果。结果表明,磁极连接线飞逸工况下承受机械应力约为额定工况时的2倍,电磁力对磁极连接线不同区域影响不均,受力方向和大小的变化规律与机械应力不同,机电复合作用下会造成磁极连接线局部应力激增。     

小孔间距布局对厢体气膜减阻效果的影响

为研究小孔间距布局对厢体气膜减阻效果的影响,通过优化厢体模型结构设计一种被动式气膜发生器,在渗流小孔直径1 mm、小孔与厢体表面倾斜度90°不变的情况下,通过模拟风洞实验测试厢体表面有渗流和无渗流喷出时小孔纵向间距为1.1～3 mm和小孔横向间距为1.1～5 mm的厢体模型所受到的总阻力。结果表明:小孔纵向间距的变化对厢体表面气膜减阻效果的影响很小;随着小孔横向间距的增加,厢体表面气膜减阻效果先增大后减小,且在小孔横向间距1.1～3 mm范围内减阻效果最佳;在主流速度和渗流速度比值相等的情况下,气膜减阻效果随着主流速度和渗流速度的增大而减小。     

Development and performance assessment of new solar and fuel cell-powered oxygen generators and ventilators for COVID-19 patients

In this study, a new solar-based fuel cell-powered oxygenation and ventilation system is presented for COVID-19 patients. Solar energy is utilized to operate the developed system through photovoltaic panels. The method of water splitting is utilized to generate the required oxygen through the operation of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyser. Moreover, the hydrogen produced during water splitting is utilized as fuel to operate the fuel cell system during low solar availability or the absence of solar irradiation. Transient simulations and thermodynamic analyses of the developed system are performed by accounting for the changes in solar radiation intensities during the year. The daily oxygen generation is found to vary between 170.4 kg/day and 614.2 kg/day during the year. Furthermore, the amount of daily hydrogen production varies between 21.3 kg/day and 76.8 kg/day. The peak oxygen generation rate attains a value of 18.6 g/s. Moreover, the water electrolysis subsystem entails daily exergy destruction in the range of 139.9–529.7 kWh. The maximum efficiencies of the developed system are found to be 14.3% energetically and 13.4% exergetically.     

Effects of particle sizes on performances of the multi-zone steam generator using waste heat in a bio-oil steam reforming hydrogen production system

Hydrogen production by bio-oil steam reforming is an advanced production technology. It is a good method of coupling waste heat utilization with bio-oil steam reforming to produce hydrogen, which increases the cleaning ability of the bio-oil steam reforming system. A multi-zone steam generator using waste heat has been proposed, which can produce the heat source and steam source of the hydrogen system. The DEM model of the multi-zone steam generator was set up. The model has been used to investigate the effects of particle sizes (40 mm–80 mm). With increasing particle size, the flow index and the flow uniformity gradually decrease, the vertical velocity gradient increases in the area on both side with the zone steam generator, and the vertical velocity fluctuation amplitude gradually increases. So, the hydrogen production decreases from the particle size increasing.     

Dual needle corona discharge to generate stable bipolar ion for neutralizing electrosprayed nanoparticles

The performances of dual needle corona discharge (NCD) as bipolar ion source to neutralize the electrospray (ES) particles were characterized and optimized. The NCD was constructed from a tungsten needle and grounded mesh electrode in the needle-to-plane configuration. The dual NCD created a bipolar ion environment by mixing the balanced concentration of positive and negative ions produced by each NCD. The dual NCD was placed in an electrospray aerosol generator (EAG) apparatus to reduce the charge state of the ES particles. Polystyrene latex (PSL) suspensions having the particle size range of 96–256 nm were used as the precursor solution for the electrospray process. Some characterizations to the NCD were carried out to obtain optimum operating voltage and air flow rate. The size distribution and charge fraction of the electrospray PSL (ES-PSL) particles exiting the EAG were also investigated. The result showed the dual NCD could generate stable bipolar ions by mixing positive and negative ions with balanced concentration. The bipolar ions from the dual NCD were capable of neutralizing and reducing the charge state of highly charged ES-PSL particles larger than 100 nm. The EAG, equipped with the dual NCD, could generate ES-PSL particles with stable concentration and consistent size distribution. The charge fraction calculation of the ES-PSL particles showed that more than 80% of the particles exiting the EAG were positively charged.