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1.
东北地区是我国粮食的主产区和最重要的流出区域。东北地区粮食外运中,受原粮产后储藏条件、设施装备、运输方式、品质监测、储粮生态区域变化等因素限制,存在原粮损失偏高、颗粒破损、虫害发展、表面结露、局部发热、储藏品质和食味品质下降甚至霉变等质量问题,建议推进粮食分类分级、品质检测、绿色储粮工艺、运粮通道物流设施完善、提高“四散化”运输率和集装箱运输率、粮食物流信息服务、粮食食用及加工需求产销对接、粮食品质监测追溯等技术应用,加强保质流通标准体系建设,为我国粮食保质运输提供技术参考。  相似文献   
2.
Alumina platelets were arranged horizontally in submicron alumina particles by shear force in the flow of slurries during casting. The obtained alumina green bodies with platelets were pressureless-sintered in vacuum, producing ceramics with thoroughly oriented grains and high transmittance. The effects of sintering parameters on the densification, microstructure evolution, and orientation degree of alumina ceramics were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the densification, grain size, orientation degree, and in-line transmittance were increased with increasing sintering temperature. The enhancement of orientation degree was mainly coherent with grain growth. The grain-oriented samples exhibited a much higher in-line transmittance (at 600 nm) of 61 % than that of the grain random sample (29 %). Moreover, the transmission remained a high level in the ultraviolet range (<300 nm).  相似文献   
3.
Templated grain growth is beneficial for piezoelectric materials, the properties of which become the best in their single crystalline form. Nevertheless, a textured ceramic prepared by a templated grain growth technique often fails in exhibiting as good properties as expected in single crystals even with a high degree of orientation factor. Here, we propose a new strategy for maximizing texturing effect by suppressing the growth of untextured matrix grains. The textured ceramics made by our method, so-called bi-templated grain growth, are featured by ultrahigh piezoelectric properties (d33 = ~1,031 pC/N, d?g = ~59,000, kp = ~0.76). A special emphasis is on the achieved electric-field-induced strain of 0.13 % at 1 kV/mm, which is as high as that of single crystals. This work demonstrates that not only the degree of texture but also the coarsening of untextured matrix grains should be well-controlled to best exploit the templated grain growth technique.  相似文献   
4.
原油、天然气长输管道建设完工后,必须要进行管径通径检测,其目的在于发现施工过程可能产生的管道异常变形。我们以检测管径原始尺寸完整性为目标,进行管道变形缺陷数字化建模、非接触通径检测器运行过程控制、制造工艺、系统优化等方面的研究,基于激光传感器等技术的结合,研发了新型非接触式智能管道通径检测器,弥补传统的接触式(机械式)通径检测器运行状态不稳定造成的数据信号失真、探头易磨损、维护费用高等不足之处,提高了管道内壁变形缺陷识别、数据采集以及变形量大小、变形点位置分析处理的准确性,据此进行开挖作业,对管道及时进行修整,消除事故隐患,为油气长输管道的安全生产运行提供保障。本文重点介绍了该非接触式智能管道通径检测器的工作原理、结构特点的设计分析。  相似文献   
5.
The uniform refinement mechanisms and methods of deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treatment Ni-based superalloy during two-stage annealing treatment have been investigated.The two-stage heat treatment experiments include an aging annealing treatment(AT)and a subsequent recrystallization annealing treatment(RT).The object of AT is to precipitate some δ phases and consume part of storage energy to inhibit the grain growth during RT,while the RT is to refine mixed and coarse grains by recrystallization.It can be found that the recrystallization grains will quickly grow up to a large size when the AT time is too low or the RT temperature is too high,while the deformed coarse grains cannot be eliminated when the AT time is too long or the RT temperature is too low.In addition,the mixed microstructure composed of some abnormal coarse recrystallization grains(ACRGs)and a large number of fine grains can be observed in the annealed specimen when the AT time is 3 h and RT tem-perature is 980℃.The phenomenon attributes to the uneven distribution of δ phase resulted from the heterogeneous deformation energy when the AT time is too short.In the regions with a large number of δ phases,the recrystallization nucleation rate is promoted and the growth of grains is limited,which results in fine grains.However,in the regions with few δ phases,the recrystallization grains around grain boundaries can easily grow up,and the new recrystallization nucleus is difficult to form inside grain,which leads to ACRGs.Thus,in order to obtain uniform and fine annealed microstructure,it is a prereq-uisite to precipitate even-distributed δ phase by choosing a suitable AT time,such as 12 h.Moreover,a relative high RT temperature is also needed to promote the recrystallization nucleation around δ phase.The optimal annealing parameters range for uniformly refining mixed crystal can be summarized as:900℃×12 h+990℃×(40-60 min)and 900℃×12 h+1000℃×(10-15 min).  相似文献   
6.
杨波  孙健  郭宏丽 《金属热处理》2021,46(4):118-121
采用控制轧制-控制冷却-淬火-回火工艺制备20 mm 厚的Ti微合金化中碳钢板,研究了控制冷却工艺(冷却速度)对该钢有效晶粒尺寸和析出相的影响,并探讨了其强韧化机理。结果表明:冷却速度越快,有效晶粒尺寸越小,马氏体板条宽度越窄,含Ti析出相越细小,使其兼具高强度和良好的塑性韧性。主要是由于快速冷却保留了轧制时获得的晶体缺陷和形变能,使再加热奥氏体细化,而且快速冷却抑制了Ti在冷却过程中析出,使Ti处于过饱和状态,再加热过程中逐渐析出细小的含Ti析出相,能更有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大。有效晶粒细化以及纳米级含Ti析出相使该钢板具有良好的力学性能。  相似文献   
7.
低温压力容器08Ni3DR钢在极低温度下(-100℃)具有较好的强韧性匹配,在实际工程应用中,保障焊接接头的低温冲击韧性一直是压力容器制造过程中的难题之一。对于实际的焊接接头,最薄弱区域的确定以及最薄弱区域的影响对焊接接头的表征具有重要的意义。通过将夏比V型缺口开在母材、焊缝、热影响区不同位置处,系统研究了08Ni3DR压力容器钢焊接接头的组织和韧性。结果表明:焊接接头韧性最薄弱区域为粗晶热影响区,其粗晶热影响区的显微组织为粗大的粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体组成的复合组织。粗晶热影响区宽度在缺口尖端前沿所占比例越高,试样的冲击吸收能量越低。当粗晶热影响区宽度所占比例达到100%时,冲击吸收能量为27 J,相比于母材冲击韧性损失高达90.7%。以上两个方面充分体现出焊接接头最薄弱区域对冲击韧性有很大的影响。  相似文献   
8.
While the challenges associated with the stability of metal halide perovskites are well known and intensely studied, variability in electronic properties represents an equally significant, yet seldom studied, challenge that could potentially slow or inhibit the commercial viability of these systems. In this work, the contactless characterization technique time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) is used to quantify the variability in electronic properties of the prototypical perovskite, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) both between different samples, and at different locations within the same sample. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a quasi-automated image-analysis strategy, it is possible to evaluate the metrics of heterogeneity in surface microstructure and correlate them with the electronic properties as obtained by TRMC. Substantial intra-sample and inter-sample variation is observed in the mobility-yield product in samples prepared following differing protocols, and in samples prepared following identical protocols.  相似文献   
9.
基于6省120个农业经营主体的监测调查数据实证分析2020年我国粮食初加工机械化水平情况。研究结果表明:调查省份的粮食初加工机械化水平为56.95%,高于我国农产品的总体初加工机械化水平(2019年为37.58%);在三大主要粮食作物之中,水稻初加工机械化水平最高约为68.55%,小麦初加工机械化水平次之约为57.40%、玉米初加工机械化水平最低约为49.35%;在初加工的三大作业环节之中,粮食脱出处理环节机械化水平最高已达96.61%,脱出环节已基本实现机械化,粮食清选处理机械化水平略低为36.06%、粮食保质处理机械化水平最低为35.06%;各品种和各环节发展不平衡的问题还比较突出,从品种角度来看短板在玉米,从环节角度来看短板在机械保质处理。研究为分析和判断我国粮食初加工机械化水平和趋势提供了依据。  相似文献   
10.
To gain insight into the ageing behavior of ultrafine grain(UFG)structure,the precipitation phenom-ena and microstructural evolutions of Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.4Ce-0.5 Zr(wt.%)alloy processed by sliding friction treatment(SFT)were systematically studied using hardness texting,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)equipped with high-angle annular dark-field scanning(HADDF-STEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and XRD line broadening analysis.The microhardness of the SFT-processed(SFTed)sample initially decreases from 109.6 HV to 104.8 HV at ageing for 8 h,and then increases to the peak-ageing point of 115.4 HV at 16 h.Subsequently,it enters the over-aged period.The un-SFTed sample,as the counterpart,follows a regular ageing behavior that increases from 89.9 HV to 99.6 HV when ageing for 12 h,and then drops.A multi-mechanistic model is established to describe the strengthening due to grain refinement,disloca-tion accumulation,precipitation etc.The analysis reveals that the temperature sensitive UFG structure has an obvious grain coarsening effect,which arouses the soft phenomenon in the early ageing stage.But precipitation hardening provides an excellent hardness enhancement for overcoming the negative influ-ence and helping to reach the peak-aged point.In our microstructural observations,a lot of equilibrium ultrafine MgZn2 precipitates precipitate along dislocations because defects can provide the favorable conditions for the migration and segregation of solute atoms.  相似文献   
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