Profiling hot isostatically pressed canister–wasteform interaction for Pu-bearing zirconolite-rich wasteforms

Zirconolite-rich full ceramic wasteforms designed to immobilize Pu-bearing wastes were produced via hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using stainless steel (SS) and nickel (Ni) HIP canisters. A detailed profiling of the elemental compositions of the major and minor phases over the canister–wasteform interaction zone was performed using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) characterization. Bulk sample analyses from regions near the center of the HIP canister were also conducted for both samples using X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS. The sample with the Ni HIP canister showed almost no interaction zone with only minor diffusion of Ni from the inner wall of the canister into the near-surface region of the wasteform. The sample with the SS HIP canister showed ∼100–120 μm of interaction zone dominated by high-temperature Cr diffusion from canister materials to the wasteform with the Cr predominantly incorporated into the durable zirconolite phase. We also examined, for the first time, changes to the HIP canister wall thickness caused by HIPing and demonstrated that no canister wall thinning occurred. Instead, in the areas examined, the canister wall thickness was observed to increase (up to ∼20%) due to the compression occurring during the HIP cycle. Further, only sparse formation of (Cr, Mn)-rich oxide particles were noted within the HIP canister inner wall area immediately adjacent to the ceramic material, with no evidence for reverse diffusion of ceramic materials. Though the HIP canister–wasteform interaction extends to ∼120 μm when using an SS HIP canister for the system investigated, this translates to <<1 vol.% for an industrial scale HIPed wasteform. Importantly, the HIP canister–wasteform interactions did not produce any obviously less durable phases in the wasteform or had any detrimental impact on the HIP canister properties.     

Influence of pressure and dwell time on pressure-assisted sintering of calcium cobaltite

Calcium cobaltite Ca₃Co₄O₉, abbreviated Co349, is a promising thermoelectric material for high-temperature applications in air. Its anisotropic properties can be assigned to polycrystalline parts by texturing. Tape casting and pressure-assisted sintering (PAS) are a possible future way for a cost-effective mass-production of thermoelectric generators. This study examines the influence of pressure and dwell time during PAS at 900°C of tape-cast Co349 on texture and thermoelectric properties. Tape casting aligns lentoid Co349. PAS results in a textured Co349 microstructure with the thermoelectrically favorable ab-direction perpendicular to the pressing direction. By pressure variation during sintering, the microstructure of Co349 can be tailored either toward a maximum figure of merit as required for energy harvesting or toward a maximum power factor as required for energy harvesting. Moderate pressure of 2.5 MPa results in 25% porosity and a textured microstructure with a figure of merit of 0.13 at 700°C, two times higher than the dry-pressed, pressureless-sintered reference. A pressure of 7.5 MPa leads to 94% density and a high power factor of 326 µW/mK² at 800°C, which is 11 times higher than the dry-pressed reference (30 MPa) from the same powder.     

HPTLC-SERS快速检定葡萄汁中苏丹染料掺假

建立并优化一种基于高效薄层色谱和表面增强拉曼联用检测技术的方法,用于快速准确定性定量检测葡萄汁中的苏丹染料掺伪。使用石油醚/丙酮/乙酸(9/1/0.1,体积比)作为流动相在硅胶板上对目标物进行色谱分离,考察纳米银胶体浓度、外加电解质种类、浓度以及入射激光波长等参数对检测信号质量的影响。结果表明,10倍浓缩的纳米银胶体,633nm入射激光,辅以0.5~1.0mol/L NaCl最适合4种目标物的检测。优化检测条件后,检测灵敏度可达0.01~0.05mg/kg;在1~20 mg/kg浓度范围内,检测结果表现出良好的线性关系,R~20.996。不仅如此,对葡萄汁样品的测试中,该方法也表现出良好的准确性(添加回收率72%~104%)和精密度(RSD 4.5%~9.6%),因此特别适于大批量饮料和食品样品中非法色素添加的筛检。     

响应面法优化甘薯脆片干燥工艺

为探究甘薯脆片热泵干燥最佳工艺,在单因素试验基础上,以烘干温度、烘干时间、切片厚度、汽漂时间为影响因素,以含油率及感官评分为响应值,用Box-Behnken试验设计建立响应面分析模型。结果表明,甘薯脆片烘干最佳工艺为:烘干温度74℃、切片厚度2.7 mm、汽漂时间3 min,烘干时间为3.5 h,在此优化条件下,甘薯脆片油炸后感官评分为88.75分,含油率为7.84%,在此条件下得到的产品色香味俱全。     

电子鼻结合顶空SPME-GC-MS联用技术分析贵州不同品种辣椒发酵后挥发性成分

以贵州5种不同辣椒品种为研究对象,采用电子鼻技术,结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass,SPME-GC-MS)联用技术,对其发酵后挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,电子鼻分析结果能够很好地区分不同辣椒品种发酵后的风味;采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)以及线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)可知,PCA和LDA主成分贡献率总和分别为99.93%、99.19%,均大于95%,说明传感器识别效应和样品间的风味区分度较好。SPME-GC-MS分析结果表明,5种样品共检出124种不同的挥发性风味物质。其中黄平线椒占97种,以酯类物质相对含量最高,为36.82%;施秉线椒和大方皱椒分别占88种和94种,且均以醇类物质相对含量最高,分别为31.88%、28.99%;百宜平面椒和花溪党武辣椒分别占89种和71种,均以烃类物质相对含量最高,分别为26.75%、35.08%。此结果与电子鼻PCA和LDA结果相一致。因此,通过SPME-GC-MS和电子鼻分析结果可知,电子鼻能够很好地区分贵州名优产地不同辣椒品种发酵后的风味。     

轻量型食品装备多界面管材塑性成型工艺有限元模拟

研究轻量型食品装备多界面管材的塑性成形工艺。以食品机械轴头的多界面管材为研究对象,确定了塑性成型的方法,通过DEFORM软件研究了温度和摩擦系数对管坯壁厚增量、端部内径以及载荷的影响,并对产生的常见缺陷提出优化方案。研究表明,该工艺将冷挤压与温挤压的优点相结合,节材减重,可满足小型食品机械零部件生产的需求。     

低活化马氏体钢热变形行为及机理型本构建模研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了低活化马氏体钢在变形温度为850～950 ℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s^-1条件下的热变形行为。建立了流变应力本构方程，并评估了该方程的预测能力。绘制了低活化马氏体钢在不同应变下的热加工图。结果表明：在较高的应变速率条件下，该材料主要发生动态回复，在较高变形温度和较低应变速率下具有明显的动态再结晶特征；本构方程的预测结果与实验结果符合良好；变形温度870～930 ℃、应变速率0.001～0.01 s^-1和变形温度920～950 ℃、应变速率0.3～1 s^-1分别是真应变为0.4和0.6下最优的热加工区域。     

Bacillus and Paenibacillus species associated with extended shelf life milk during processing and storage

Characterisation of spore formers associated with extended shelf life milk was performed by analysing the bacteriological quality of milk samples collected at various processing stages and during storage. Isolates were identified with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Milk had spore counts <2 log₁₀ cfu/mL and 4 log₁₀ cfu/mL during processing and storage, respectively. Bacillus pumilus dominated the bacterial population. Bacterial species were inoculated into sterile milk for a shelf life study, and the population change was observed over 42 days at 7 °C. Although the extended shelf life milk process was effective in reducing bacterial counts and species diversity, the presence of Bacillus cereus shows a potential safety problem in extended shelf life milk.     

贵州遵义辣椒矿质元素含量与其品质相关性分析

采集贵州遵义地区辣椒样品,测定辣椒样品的12种矿质元素(K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Ni、Co)含量与4种品质指标(辣椒碱、VC、蛋白质、干物质),探讨辣椒品质与矿质元素的关系,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对辣椒品质进行分析。结果表明:遵义辣椒矿质元素含量呈现KPSMgCaFeZnMnCuNiMoCo的特征。与前人研究结果相比,遵义辣椒的蛋白质、VC、干物质含量高,营养丰富,而辣椒碱含量变化大。辣椒VC与Cu含量呈显著正相关(r=0.584,P0.05,n=16),与K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Zn含量亦呈正相关关系。主成分分析的前2个主成分解释的总方差贡献率为49.368%,辣椒碱是辣椒品质评价的重要参考指标,K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co为辣椒果实的特征元素。聚类分析结果表明辣椒品质和矿质元素在不同地域间存在差异,同一地域辣椒的品质与矿质元素含量往往相近,辣椒品质存在明显的地域分布特征。     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压态的组织和力学性能

研究了利用喷射成形辅以挤压制备Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu合金后优化的组织结构特征和力学性能。结果表明,合金基体组织均匀细化,晶粒形貌趋于圆整,平均晶粒大小达到10 μm左右。当合金的冷却条件通过快速凝固技术改变时,会产生不同程度的固溶强化效果和第二相弥散强化效果,从而改善了合金的整体性能。合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别平均提高了20%左右,且伸长率也略有提高。