Towards patient‐centered packaging design: An industry perspective on processes,functions, and constraints

Medication packaging is essential to provide patients with guidance and correct use of their medicines for effective treatment. This research aims to increase knowledge about the medication packaging innovation process and its uptake towards patient‐centered packaging design. The study applied a qualitative research approach based on data from 25 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders involved in medication packaging design. The empirical data analysis revealed four themes that can improve and advance user‐centered packaging design: medication packaging innovation process, medication packaging functions and features, medication packaging design constraints, and patient‐centered medication packaging design. The findings suggest that medication packaging design is strongly affected by an emphasis on protective and safety packaging functions rather than on patients' needs. Packaging innovation usually is constrained by rigid incremental development processes, where compliance with regulations, extensive documentation, avoidance of manufacturing complexity, and considerations on cost prevail. These findings are discussed in relation to the three most evident trade‐offs for patient‐centered design: protection versus openability, utility versus cost, and complexity of manufacturability versus complexity of use. This research contributes with valuable input and additional evidence about the necessary shift to a user‐centered approach in a field that has not been design driven. This input complements previous research and provides an opportunity for industry decision makers and policy makers to lead patient‐centered packaging design that can benefit patients and relieve overloaded health care systems.     

Data collection mode effect on feeling thermometer questions: A comparison of face-to-face and Web surveys

Feeling thermometer questions are widely used in political science research to estimate people’s attitudes and feelings toward a political object, like a political figure or an organization. Given the popularity of the feeling thermometer question in population surveys, more work is needed to explore the measurement of this question type. This study examines the data collection mode effect on feeling thermometers. Using the 2012 American National Election Studies, we find that the measurement of feeling thermometers is not exactly comparable between face-to-face and Web surveys. Face-to-face respondents tend to provide warmer feelings, while Web respondents give relatively more reliable responses in comparison. In both survey modes, respondents are most likely to select the response options that are verbally labeled although the effect is more striking in face-to-face than Web survey. The item nonresponse between these two modes does not differ in a meaningful way. This study ends by discussing future research directions on feeling thermometer questions.     

智能监控在数字钻机中的应用

智能监控在对现场人员的安全监控和关键设备的集中监控以及故障分析、预警自控能力、信息处理等方面具有重要作用。在传统监控基础上通过应用卷积神经网络的深度学习算法训练模型,主要针对钻机现场人员进行智能防护,建立起基于智能视频分析技术的钻机监控信息管理系统。实践应用表明,该智能监控系统可在数字钻机控制中取得良好效果,具有很高的实际应用价值,在一定程度上可节约人力成本,对提高数字钻机现场运行安全具有十分重要的意义。     

深度城市化过程中的低碳生态新城建设

打造低碳生态新城,是在实现“深度城市化”过程中的一个重要发展方向。在借鉴德国发展低碳经济先进理念的基础上,提出了低碳生态新城的建设思路,旨在探索一条适合于上海的低碳发展道路。     

大面积大板面石材铺贴技术

杭州萧山国际机场石材地面施工面积为6.1万m2,板面尺寸为1.2m×1.2m×0.03m,理论重量每片140 kg。通过对石材生产、保管、施工等过程的细化控制和深化设计、石材各项物理指标分析、质量控制攻关等方式,使工程一次验收合格品率大大提高。     

多曲面屋面深化设计与施工

萧山国际机场二期项目航站楼工程屋面采用铝镁锰金属屋面系统。航站楼屋面造型多样,屋面板细长,安装工艺复杂,通过对测量放线、屋面板现场加工、支座固定和安装屋面板等工序的精细操作,保证了施工质量及外观效果,为同类型工程施工提供借鉴。     

让建筑回归社会——荷兰女建筑师玛丽丝·罗默尔作品及访谈

玛丽丝·罗默尔是当代荷兰知名女建筑师,其设计作品与理念有着鲜明的特色,善于从社会、环境出发探讨建筑之于城市的意义。同时她将女性建筑师的细腻敏锐以及富有艺术气质的特点注入作品之中。本文通过对玛丽丝·罗默尔的访谈及其代表作品和设计理念的简介诠释,并引发对荷兰建筑师群体特征的评价。     

Naturalistic study of rider's behaviour in initial training in France: Evidence of limitations in the educational content

This paper analyses motorcycle educational content in a number of French motorcycle schools on the basis of a naturalistic study of riders’ and trainers’ behaviour. The aim is to specify the situations delivered in motorcycle schools and to study the rider's activity in these situations. The methodology includes ethnographic observation within the motorcycle schools and the longitudinal monitoring of 14 trainee motorcyclists during their initial training. The training situations were described by the combination of audio–visual recordings and interviews data (i.e. concomitant or interruptive verbalization, and self-confrontation data). The results permit to (1) compare the “real” and “official” durations of track and on-road training, (2) characterize the real training situations, (3) describe the preferred forms of instruction, and (4) conduct an in-depth analysis of the situations used during training in traffic. The discussion show, in first, the poverty of the training situations which are based on the repetition of the exercises in the test, and, in second, disparities between the riding situations encountered during training and the demands made by riding in natural traffic. The usefulness and the applications of this type of approach – based on the integration of the rider's point of view notably by self-confrontation interview – for understanding real riding behaviours and how such approaches could supplement vehicle-based data are discussed in a large conclusion.     

走出我的象牙塔：英语教师职初教学生活案例研究

以现象学式的深度访谈、课堂观察、教学日志等方式来收集数据,对一位高校英语教师职初教学生活进行了个案研究。结果发现,教师的主要困惑体现在教学方法、教学内容、师生关系以及教学安排这4个层面,并相应地采取了＂策略性顺应＂和＂内化性调整＂两大社会化对策。研究可为改善外语教师职前与在职一体化发展提供现实依据,为完善高校外语师资培养的多元化模式提供一定的思考空间。     

DESIGN OF TEMPORARY TRESTLES FOR LARGE STEEL STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTIONS

针对某超高层工程施工特点,设计了一座大型钢栈桥,栈桥大柱距处布置复杂形式支撑,支撑平面内加设吊杆与柱相连,平面外布置水平连接杆及斜平面内的支杆,保证了支撑的稳定性。利用Midas GenVer.780软件对其进行验算分析,梁的最大应力为112.7 MPa,最大变形为14.3 mm,计算结果显示结构安全可靠。施工过程中反馈的监测数据显示,梁的最大应力为99.2 MPa,最大变形为12.2 mm,结构实际应力与变形比软件模拟计算中小,主要是忽略了加劲板的作用以及最不利荷载组合的效果比实际荷载使用时偏大等原因。