Western Canadian dairy farmers' perspectives on the provision of outdoor access for dairy cows and on the perceptions of other stakeholders

The provision of pasture and outdoor access for dairy cattle differs around the globe. For example, in Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, dairy farms are largely pasture based, whereas dairy farms in the United States and Canada are largely confinement based. There is a high level of public support for pasture and outdoor access for dairy cows, and the available evidence shows that dairy cattle are highly motivated to access pasture, especially at night. The decision as to whether to provide outdoor access is typically made by farmers, but little is known about dairy farmers' perspectives on this topic. We investigated perspectives of Western Canadian dairy farmers on outdoor access, as well as how they believe different stakeholders (i.e., the dairy industry, the dairy cows, and the general public) regard outdoor access for dairy cows. Data were collected via (1) 11 focus group discussions with a total of 50 Western Canadian dairy farmers, and (2) semi-structured individual interviews with an additional 6 dairy farmers of Hutterite colonies. Data were analyzed using template analysis. Although most participants in this study did not provide outdoor access on their farms, or only provided outdoor access to certain cow groups, participants generally mentioned that they enjoyed seeing cows on pasture or outdoors. However, participants shared that the Canadian supply management system (including processors) required a consistent flow of production, which was thought to be easier and more economically realized with indoor housing of lactating cows. Participants believed that pasture or outdoor access for dairy cows was desired by the public. Some participants believed that dairy cows prefer to spend time outside under favorable weather conditions, but others felt that cows preferred to stay indoors in modern, ventilated freestall barns. The results of this study describe the perspectives of dairy farmers regarding the views of dairy industry stakeholders as they relate to outdoor access, helping to inform conversations around the provision of outdoor access for dairy cattle.     

基于微博用户兴趣话题的相似用户挖掘

相似用户挖掘是提高社交网络服务质量的重要途径，在面向大数据的社交网络时代，准确的相似用户挖掘对于用户和互联网企业等都有重要的意义，而根据用户自己的兴趣话题挖掘的相似用户更符合相似用户的要求。提出了一种基于用户兴趣话题进行相似用户挖掘的方法。该方法首先使用TextRank话题提取方法对用户进行兴趣话题提取，再对用户发表内容进行训练，计算出所有词之间的相似度。提出CP（Corresponding Position similarity）、CPW（Corresponding Position Weighted similarity）、AP（All Position similarity）、APW（All Position Weighted similarity）四种用户兴趣话题词相似度计算方法，通过用户和相似用户间关注、粉丝重合率验证相似用户挖掘效果，APW similarity的相似用户的关注/粉丝重合百分比为1.687%，优于提出的其他三种算法，分别提高了26.3%、2.8%、12.4%，并且比传统的文本相似度方法Jaccard相似度、编辑距离算法、余弦相似度分别提高了20.4%、21.2%、45.0%。因此APW方法可以更加有效地挖掘出用户的相似用户。     

多特征融合的兴趣点推荐算法

基于位置社交网络的兴趣点推荐越来越受到工业界和学术界的关注。由于用户签到数据集的稀疏性以及签到地理位置的聚集性，使得目前的推荐算法效率普遍不高，特别是当用户外出到新的地点时，推荐效果更是急剧下降。因此本文提出了一种基于用户-区域-内容主题的多特征联合推荐算法（UCRTM），以隐主题模型为基础，在统一的框架下利用隐含因子关联性融合了用户的偏好、兴趣点的内容以及兴趣点所属地理区域主题等信息来进行推荐，使得用户无论身处何地，都能获得理想的推荐服务。本文在两种真实的数据集上进行了实验，结果表明该方法不仅能够克服数据的稀疏性以及弱语义性等问题，而且与其他方法相比具有更高的推荐准确率。     

澜湄环境利益共同体模式的评价与选择研究

推进澜湄合作是构建周边命运共同体的具体实践，以“同饮一江水，命运紧相连”为主题的澜湄合作机制也为构建澜湄国家命运共同体提供了推进方向。环境问题是澜湄流域最为核心的问题之一，面向澜湄合作中的环境利益问题，文章结合共同体的理念，基于霍尔三维结构理论，总结出合作伙伴环境利益共同体模式、合作联盟环境利益共同体模式与一体化环境利益共同体模式的三种环境利益共同体模式，通过建立环境利益共同体模式的评价指标体系，利用网络层次分析法对澜湄环境利益共同体模式进行评价，选择适合澜沧江-湄公河的环境利益共同体模式。结果表明，在当前的澜湄现状下，以“澜湄六国通过开发流域资源发展本国经济而同时受到其他主体监督以保证不破坏澜沧江-湄公河的生态环境”为主要内容的合作联盟环境利益共同体模式更适合澜湄流域各国，这一模式可以有效解决流域各国经济与环境“两难重”的困境。     

空间语义增强下的城市交通事故数据可视分析

目的 海量城市交通事故数据可能蕴含有交通事故的空间模式，挖掘出交通事故的空间模式有助于开展交通事故的防治工作。目前交通管理部门虽然记录了交通事故发生地的空间位置信息，但没有对事故发生地进行空间语义描述，从而影响对交通事故空间模式的深入分析。因此，提出一种交通事故数据空间语义增强方法，并设计了一套可视分析系统。方法 基于城市兴趣点来增强交通事故数据的空间语义。以事故发生点为中心获取周围城市兴趣点，使用特征向量刻画兴趣点的数量、类别及其与事故发生点的距离，并称此向量为空间语义特征向量。将空间语义特征向量和相应的交通事故关联，以达到增强其空间语义的目的。然后，基于空间语义特征向量，使用自组织映射聚类算法对交通事故进行聚类分析，根据其空间语义特征将交通事故分为若干类别。最后，通过使用地图视图展示事故点数据、聚类视图和平行坐标视图展示聚类分析的结果及其空间语义特征的可视化方法，对交通事故的空间模式进行分析。结果 针对空间语义增强的交通事故数据以及相关分析任务，有效地使用上述数据分析方法与可视化技术，设计并实现了一套多视图关联的可视分析系统，提供了便捷的交互方式辅助用户分析。通过研发人员和交通警察共同对安徽省合肥市2018年的交通事故数据进行分析，将交通事故发生地划分9类并指出每类地点的空间语义特点，进一步分析出了事故高发区域的空间语义特性。结论 本文提出的交通事故数据空间语义增强方法和可视分析方法可以帮助用户揭示交通事故的空间语义模式，有助于深入分析和认识交通事故的成因，能为交通事故防治相关的城市建设工作提供建议。     

Next POI Recommendation Based on Location Interest Mining with Recurrent Neural Networks

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - In mobile social networks, next point-of-interest (POI) recommendation is a very important function that can provide personalized location-based...     

How does a bank's involvement interplay with a firm's capacity investment? An analysis and comparison of different consortium structures

As nonrecourse project finance (rather than financing on a sovereign basis) is becoming more prevalent worldwide, financing institutions have to collaborate more closely with firms to optimize capacity‐investment and financing decisions. Under this background, this paper presents a stylized Stackelberg games model, taking into account the firm's capacity investment as well as the bank's interest rate and funding ratio decisions. Consortium structures between bank and firm are formalized into five modes based on industry practice, namely, the integrated consortium, pure shareholder funding, bank as leader, full coordination, and bank as follower. The optimality and equilibrium of each of the five modes are analytically derived, and their existence and uniqueness are demonstrated. Valuable economic insights are obtained through both modeling analysis and numerical experiments, with the main findings including the following: (i) a lack of bank financing leads to insufficient capacity investment and poor consortium performance; (ii) interest rate and funding ratio play important but different roles in the bank's risk management; (iii) the bank's proactivity in leading and coordinating the consortium is critical for the two parties’ overall performance; and (iv) if the bank is the follower, the firm's capacity decision is irrelevant to the bank's loan contract, and the consortium cannot be coordinated to the first‐best level of performance.     

论建设工程款优先受偿权之法律性质

建设工程款优先受偿权之法律性质不论是优先权还是法定抵押权,仅仅是形式的不同而已,二者在功能上是相同的,只是各国基于各自的立法特点而进行了不同的选择。在我国,依据我国法律传统以及立法政策和立法技术,在理论上我们应该认定建设工程款优先受偿权之法律性质为优先权,并且在民事立法中应确立优先权制度,将建设工程款优先受偿权纳入统一的优先权制度中加以规定。     

社会利益分化的城市规划策略探讨--基于科学发展观的思考

论文通过对目前社会利益分化的分析,探讨一种基于公共利益的城市规划策略。通过城市规划利益明晰化、市场化、制度化来适应和谐城市的要求。     

大连经济技术开发区第十中学创作随笔

通过对大连开发区第十中学工程设计与建造的分析,阐述了以功能适用为导向的新建筑的生成,以及功能适用性设计与新建筑的外空间环境,室内空间和建筑本体之间内在的表达关系。