Promising approaches to improve the performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane

The performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) materials were improved by using promising approaches. For the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic carbonate with excess amine, methanol was selected as solvent to increase the molar mass of NH₂‐terminated NIPU pre‐polymer but also caused the formation of urea as a result of eliminating hydrogen bonding between NIPU chains. Meanwhile, another approach was carried out to reduce the content of urea by altering the introduction mode of reactants, along with further increasing the molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer. The final hybrid materials were prepared by adding bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether into the pre‐polymer. The results indicated that the introduction of methanol and the change of the introduction mode of reactants could improve the performance of the hybrid materials. The hybrid material derived from the forward method has optimal performance with a tensile strength of 10.8 MPa, elongation at break of 167%, a glass transition temperature of 49.1 °C and a crosslinking density of 450 mol m^?3 as well as presentable thermodynamic stability, ascribed to the high molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer, the low urea content and the dense crosslinking network. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reactive inkjet printing of polyethylene glycol and isocyanate based inks to create porous polyurethane structures

Reactive inkjet printing offers a direct way to create polymeric structures in situ on a substrate. Therefore, two component polyurethane formulations can be utilized to be used in multicomponent inkjet printing. In this contribution, the use of polyethylene glycol (M = 200 g mol⁻¹), glycerol ethoxylate (M = 1,000 g mol⁻¹), and water (blowing agent) in combination with aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate or aromatic methylene diphenyl diisocyanate for reactive inkjet printing is evaluated. The inks are jettable on a Dimatix DMP-3000 inkjet printer using a 10 pL piezo driven drop-on-demand printhead showing stable droplet formation. Solid films on glass are formed using a drop-by-drop printing strategy. Layer-by-Layer strategy gives best results on polycarbonate substrates forming porous polyurethane structures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46977.     

硅烷封端聚氨酯的制备及其应用研究进展

综述了近年来硅烷封端聚氨酯（SPU）的制备和应用研究进展。介绍了SPU的两种主要制备途径,并详述了SPU制备过程中主要原料的选择、SPU的固化机理、SPU的特性以及SPU在密封胶、粘接剂、热熔胶、涂料等方面的应用。     

Acoustic damping flexible polyurethane foams: Effect of isocyanate index and water content on the soundproofing

High-efficiency sound absorbing flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) are manufactured using nonpolar polyester resin, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, and other reagents by one-shot bulk polymerization. In this study, the impact of the isocyanate index (90, 100, and 110) and water content (2.5 and 5%) on the microphase separation and soundproofing behavior of FPUFs are examined using atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscope, and an impedance tube device. The results reveal that the increase of the isocyanate index and water content leads to the increase of the cell size, cell size distribution, open-cell content, cell wall roughness, and microphase separation. Also, maximum sound absorption coefficient (α) reaches to 0.98 and the average of α in the frequency range of 1500–4000 Hz increases from 0.7 to 0.87 by increasing the water content from 2.5 to 5% and isocyanate index from 90 to 110; therefore, acoustic damping performance enhances up to 26.24% due to the synergic effects of microphase separation on the viscose media formation, open-cell content, cell wall roughness, cell size, and cell size distribution. In conclusion, FPUFs with an optimal amount of microphase separation and drainage flow can be a promising candidate for sound insulating materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47363.     

溶剂对聚氨酯预聚体中异氰酸根含量测定的影响

采用丙酮溶解预聚体,甲苯-二正丁胺为反应体系,考察不同溶剂及反应时间对聚氨酯预聚体中异氰酸酯含量测定的影响,同时考察了溶剂用量对测定结果的影响。结果表明,丙酮为溶剂,甲苯-二正丁胺与异氰酸根反应,结果准确度在国家标准允许范围内,测定异氰酸根含量结果与理论值基本一致。     

A Primary Method for the Determination of Hydroxyl Value of Polyols by Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

A primary Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method was developed to determine the hydroxyl value (OHV) of polyols produced from edible oils. The method is a modification of American Society for Testing and Materials 1899‐08, using toluene as the solvent to dissolve the sample and to carry the reactive reagent p‐toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (TSI). TSI reacts with OH groups to produce a carbamate, a functional group that can be measured spectrally between ~1780 and 1690 cm^?1 in the differential spectrum that is obtained from spectra collected before and after the reaction. Commercially available 1‐nonanol, which has a defined OHV, is used to develop a calibration. The OHV for a variety of 1° and 2° alcohols, as well as petrochemical and lipid‐based polyols, were then measured to evaluate the performance of the method and to assess the effects of moisture on the results. The FTIR OHV were in accord with the results obtained by AOCS method Cd 13‐60 and were demonstrated to be unaffected by the presence of moisture in the sample. The new TSI‐FTIR method is simpler, much faster (~10 min), and more reproducible and accurate than the AOCS OHV titrimetric methods and is not affected by carboxylic acids, amines or moisture.     

杂交狼尾草发泡缓冲材料的制备及性能研究

为了拓展杂交狼尾草作为植物基发泡缓冲材料在包装领域的市场,减少发泡聚苯乙烯材料对环境的污染,以杂交狼尾草为主要材料,玉米淀粉为胶粘剂,异氰酸酯为发泡剂制备缓冲材料。正交试验结果表明,发泡成型的优化条件为:主料狼尾草与胶粘剂玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇的质量比为1∶0.3∶0.15;每100 g狼尾草内添加30 mL发泡剂异氰酸酯;微波发泡时间为7 min。狼尾草发泡成型材料在含水率为14.4%时,其密度为0.30g/cm3,每平方厘米的泡孔数为19.7;狼尾草发泡成型材料在应变为15%时,其应力值为76.3 MPa,回弹率为80.99%。研究表明,狼尾草发泡成型材料为偏硬性缓冲材料,适合包装质量大、体积大的产品。     

通过引入异氰酸酯制备水性硝化棉的动力学研究

将亲水基团引入硝化纤维素分子中是消除硝基涂料VOC含量过高缺陷的重要手段。为获得最佳反应条件,分析了异氰酸酯与硝化纤维素分子反应动力学的特点;通过测定不含催化剂及不同催化剂浓度、不同反应温度下异氰酸酯浓度随时间的变化,配合数学处理,得到了两者反应时的活化能、最佳催化剂浓度、不同条件下的反应速率常数等参数,推导了反应机理。认为异氰酸酯与硝化纤维素反应为二级反应,催化剂的加入可极大提高反应速率,并降低活化能50%。     

低温固化环氧阴极电泳涂料的大分子交联剂的制备

首先以聚乙二醇200(PEG-200)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料合成了末端为异氰酸根(—NCO)的预聚体,再以N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为封端剂对—NCO进行全封端反应。通过添加适量的亲水性DMPA,提高了封端大分子的自乳化性能,制备出全封闭型异氰酸酯大分子(P-M-I)乳液,以其作为环氧阴极电泳漆低温固化的交联剂。应用FT-IR、DSC、TG、TEM、粒径分析等检测手段对全封闭型大分子及其乳液进行了结构与性能表征。将其与胺化环氧树脂乳液进行共混,制备了低温固化环氧阴极电泳涂料。通过电泳涂装的金属样片在124～130℃烘烤30 min可完全固化成膜。实验结果表明:该大分子交联剂显著降低了电泳涂料的固化温度,涂膜外观平整光亮、附着力好、铅笔硬度达2H,综合性能良好。     

亲水性封闭型芳香族异氰酸酯交联剂的合成及性能研究

以4,4 '-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为原料,在催化剂作用下反应制得NCO封端的预聚物,再以2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和聚醚二元醇(PEG)对预聚物进行扩链,最后以3,5-二甲基吡唑(DMP)来封闭活性的NCO基团得到亲水性封闭型芳香族异氰酸酯交联剂,并用红外光谱表征了交联剂的结构....