医院耗材智能柜在科室耗材精细化管理中的应用研究

为了解决医院耗材数量多、种类复杂导致的科室耗材管理琐碎繁杂问题。本文提出基于人工智能调度及智能柜分类管理的医院科室耗材精细化管理方法。利用大数据方法建立医院科室耗材数据库,分段拟合控制数据库信息,通过空间资源优化分配方法重组数据,构造医院科室耗材的智能柜,智能分类识别医院科室耗材,提取医院科室耗材信息的统计特征量,规则化调度和自动更新医院科室耗材管理信息,实现医院科室耗材的精细化管理和评估。仿真结果表明,本文方法可实现医院科室耗材精细化管理,分类性能较好,精细化水平较高。     

The home environment in a nationwide sample of multi-family buildings in Sweden: associations with ocular,nasal, throat and dermal symptoms,headache, and fatigue among adults

Risk factors at home for ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue were studied in a nationwide questionnaire survey in Sweden, the BETSI study in 2006. Totally, 5775 adults from a stratified random sample of multi-family buildings participated. Associations between home environment factors and weekly symptoms were analyzed by multi-level logistic regression. In total, 8.3% had ocular symptoms; 11.9% nasal symptoms; 7.1% throat symptoms; 11.9% dermal symptoms; 8.5% headache and 23.1% fatigue. Subjects in colder climate zones had more mucosal and throat symptoms but less fatigue and ocular symptoms. Rented apartments had poorer indoor environment than self-owned apartments. Those living in buildings constructed from 1961 to 1985 had most symptoms. Building dampness, mold and mold odor were risk factors, especially headache and ocular symptoms. Lack of mechanical ventilation system was another risk factor, especially for headache. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), electric radiators, and crowdedness were other risk factors. Oiled wooden floors, recent indoor painting, and new floor materials were negatively associated with symptoms. In conclusion, building dampness, mold, poor ventilation conditions, crowdedness, ETS, and emissions from electric radiators in apartments in Sweden can increase the risk of ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue.     

医用敷料用柔性金属电极的制备及其细胞毒性分析

为研究用于医用敷料的柔性金属电极的制备可行性和安全性,以涤纶非织造布为基布,通过丝网印刷技术,制备以锌为负电极、银为正电极的柔性微电流生物医用敷料。探讨了电极制备过程中的分散剂种类、分散剂含量及黏合剂含量对金属电极电学性能的影响,并分析了金属电极可能引起的细胞毒性问题。实验结果表明:丝网印刷技术能在基布表面均匀地负载锌、银微纳米颗粒;1%的羧甲基纤维素钠和0.5%的吐温-80分别作为锌、银颗粒的分散剂,能使金属颗粒具有良好的分散性;5%和15%的水性丙烯酸乳液分别作为锌、银金属电极的黏合剂,可使电极具有优良的电性能;当金属质量分数为0.5%~1.0%时,金属电极表现出良好的细胞相容性,可作为生物医用敷料为伤口提供外源性微电流。     

Sparse non-convex Lp regularization for cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography

Cone-beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (CB-XLCT) is an attractive hybrid imaging modality, and it has the potential of monitoring the metabolic processes of nanophosphors-based drugs in vivo. However, the XLCT imaging suffers from a severe ill-posed problem. In this work, a sparse nonconvex L_p (0?p?L₁ regularization. Further, an iteratively reweighted split augmented lagrangian shrinkage algorithm (IRW_SALSA-L_p) was proposed to efficiently solve the non-convex L_p (0?p?p-values (1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8) in both 3D digital mouse experiments and in vivo experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed non-convex methods outperform L₂ and L₁ regularization in accurately recovering sparse targets in CB-XLCT. And among all the non-convex p-values, our L_p(1/4?p?相似文献   

Reproducible,biocompatible medical materials from biologically derived polysaccharides: Processing and Characterization

Natural polysaccharides like chitosan and dextran have garnered considerable interest in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Nonetheless, the development of a reproducible class of medical devices from these materials is challenging and has had limited success. Chitosan and dextran are inherently variable and synthesis using these materials is prone to inconsistencies. In this study, we put forward a robust product development regimen that allows these natural materials to be developed into a reproducible class of biomaterials. First, an array of validated characterization methods (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, titrations, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Size Exclusion Chromatography—Multi-Angle Light Scattering, Size Exclusion Chromatography—Refractive Index, and proprietary methods) were developed that allowed rigorous specifications to be set for unprocessed chitosan and dextran, chitosan and dextran intermediates, and chemically modified materials—acrylated chitosan (aCHN) and oxidized dextran (oDEX). Second, a robust and reproducible synthesis scheme involving various in-process controls was developed to chemically modify the unprocessed polysaccharides. Third, purification methods to remove byproducts and low-molecular-weight impurities for both aCHN and oDEX were developed. The study presents a viable strategy for converting variable, natural materials into a reproducible class of biomaterials that can be applied in various biomedical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48454.     

国内外医用防护服结构与功能的比较与分析

为优化医用防护服的结构设计,拓宽材料来源,提高其防护功能,对近期国内外医用防护服构造及功能的研究进展进行综述分析。对比了5种常用医用防护服面料的优缺点,比较了中国、美国和欧盟医用防护服标准以及世界主流品牌医用防护服性能的差异。聚四氟乙烯复合面料在满足防护要求的同时,舒适性更好;液体阻隔性是影响防护服防护功能的主要因素;医用防护服应满足中指圈设计、自粘合式拉链门襟以及胶条密合边缝的前沿设计要求。最后针对医用防护服亟待解决的问题,从国家、技术、防护服本身3个层面对医用防护服未来发展方向进行展望。     

Using a hybrid two‐stage DEA model to analyze the profitability and marketability of medical manufacturing firms

The purpose of this study is to develop a modification of the model developed by Chen and Zhu in 2004. Calculating stage and overall efficiencies precisely and consistently has become a major challenge of the two‐stage DEA model. However, most other models do not calculate the optimality of intermediates. Although the model developed by Chen and Zhu measures the optimality of intermediates, the calculated efficiency scores still have some shortfalls. The modified model, named the hybrid two‐stage DEA model, fills the gap between calculating the optimality of intermediates and the consistency of overall efficiency scores. In addition to obtaining an accurate measurement for the optimality of intermediates, the model confines efficiency scores to a range from zero to one (a ratio efficiency score). In an empirical evaluation, we use data from 64 medical manufacturing firms to test the performance of the hybrid model and offer recommendations for the industry.     

医用防护服用非织造材料的研究进展

为推进非织造材料在医用防护材料领域的应用,系统综述了医用防护服用非织造材料的发展及新型非织造防护材料的种类和应用。介绍了纺粘非织造材料、熔喷非织造材料、纺粘-熔喷-纺粘复合非织造材料和闪蒸非织造材料的制备方法与防护特性,然后分别从覆膜非织造材料、复合非织造材料和功能非织造材料3个方面分析新型非织造防护材料的原理及性能特点,重点剖析不同防护材料的结构及其对病毒阻隔性和吸湿透气的影响。阐述了基于智能监测、温湿度调节和自消毒、自清洁智能材料在防护服上的应用,指出医用防护服未来有望向高防护性、高舒适性和智能化发展。     

新冠肺炎及呼吸系统病患所需全营养配方食品的开发

新冠肺炎的爆发和全球范围大流行震惊了世界,激发了消费者对食物结构和消费方式的新思考;卫生营养健康的科学理念和美好生活的诉求引起了社会广泛关注,这势必将对食品产业产生深远的影响,特别是刚刚兴起的特医产业。面对尚无特效药的新冠肺炎疫情集中聚集爆发,营养支持治疗是一线抗疫的重要干预手段,而适合于新冠临床患者的特殊医学用途配方食品尚属于空白。基于呼吸系统疾病人群病症特点和营养需求,根据合理配比宏量营养素供能比例,强化微量元素形成适用于呼吸系统疾病诊疗需求的特殊医学用途配方食品开发理念,通过原料配方筛选以及工艺研究和优化,最终形成针对呼吸系统疾病的特定全营养粉剂、乳剂和功能性脂肪乳,为疫情后的营养治疗与生命生存质量提供有力技术支持。     

重庆市药物临床试验机构现状分析及地区性机构体系构建的思考

目的：重庆市具有丰富的医药产业底蕴和极佳的医疗资源，在我国药品注册审评制度改革紧密推进和重庆市大力发展生物医药产业的大背景下，本课题从对重庆市药物临床试验机构（以下简称机构）管理人员调研的角度入手，旨在明确重庆市机构建设现状与问题，探讨可行的创新发展对策。方法：本研究对我市20家有药物临床试验资质机构的54位管理人员问卷数据进行统计；并通过比对相应的公共数据，系统分析我市机构建设水平。结果：问卷分析显示，我市机构仍以传统GCP架构模式为主；以承担国内企业项目为主（90.00%），65.00%的机构近三年承接项目总数在40项以下；机构管理者多数从事机构相关工作的工作年限多在6年以内（79.59%），且仍有部分机构管理者未接受系统的培训；对公共数据调查分析显示，截至2019年5月底，我市机构总数目为22家，自2017年7月22日以来承接在Clinical Trails注册的在研项目数为81项，远低于机构工作开展较好的城市（北京：61家，433项；上海：53家，326项）。结论：重庆市机构建设水平亟待提高，应整合全市临床研究资源，构建区域化的药物临床试验机构体系，加速重庆市医药产业的创新发展。