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1.
稳定井壁封堵材料种类众多,对其进行合理分类能为材料优选和稳定井壁效果评价提供依据。目前稳定井壁封堵材料主要以材料外观、力学性能、作用机制以及作用目的等进行分类,各种分类方法之间存在不同程度的交叉,导致同类材料封堵性能评价方法不同,不同类材料的封堵试验效果对比缺乏依据。为了确立同类材料的表征方法,建立不同类材料稳定井壁封堵效果的评价方法,提出以稳定井壁过程中封堵材料分子之间是否发生化学反应为依据,将材料分为物理封堵材料和化学封堵材料两大类。同时,按照封堵带作用形式将物理封堵材料细分为机械支护、桥接封堵、变形充填、泡沫堆积和成膜封堵等5小类;按照发生化学反应类型将化学封堵材料细分为交联封堵材料、胶凝封堵材料和沉淀封堵材料等3小类。该分类方法在一定程度上解决了因材料分类交叉所带来的封堵材料评价方法缺失和试验效果依据缺乏的难题,有利于在封堵作用机理基础上建立评价方法和标准,推动封堵学学科的发展。  相似文献   
2.
Graphene-based materials have attracted significant attention in many technological fields, but scaling up graphene-based technologies still faces substantial challenges. High-throughput top-down methods generally require hazardous, toxic, and high-boiling-point solvents. Here, an efficient and inexpensive strategy is proposed to produce graphene dispersions by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) through a combination of shear-mixing (SM) and tip sonication (TS) techniques, yielding highly concentrated graphene inks compatible with spray coating. The quality of graphene flakes (e.g., lateral size and thickness) and their concentration in the dispersions are compared using different spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Several approaches (individual SM and TS, and their combination) are tested in three solvents (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and cyrene). Interestingly, the combination of SM and TS in cyrene yields high-quality graphene dispersions, overcoming the environmental issues linked to the other two solvents. Starting from the cyrene dispersion, a graphene-based ink is prepared to spray-coat flexible electrodes and assemble a touch screen prototype. The electrodes feature a low sheet resistance (290 Ω □−1) and high optical transmittance (78%), which provide the prototype with a high signal-to-noise ratio (14 dB) and multi-touch functionality (up to four simultaneous touches). These results illustrate a potential pathway toward the integration of LPE-graphene in commercial flexible electronics.  相似文献   
3.
With the blossom of information industry, electromagnetic wave technology shows increasingly potential in many fields. Nevertheless, the trouble caused by electromagnetic waves has also drawn extensive attention. For instance, electromagnetic pollution can threaten information safety in vital fields and the normal function of delicate electronic devices. Consequently, electromagnetic pollution and interference become an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become a potential candidate to deal with these problems due to many advantages, such as high dielectric loss, remarkable thermodynamic stability, and low density. With the appearance of climbing demands, however, the carbon nanotubes combining various composites have shown greater prospects than the single CNTs in microwave absorbing materials. In this short review, recent advances in CNTs-based microwave absorbing materials were comprehensively discussed. Typically, we introduced the electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of CNTs-based microwave absorbing materials and generalized the development of CNTs-based microwave absorbers, including CNTs-based magnetic metal composites, CNTs-based ferrite composites, and CNTs-based polymer composites. Ultimately, the growing trend and bottleneck of CNTs-based composites for microwave absorption were analyzed to provide some available ideas to more scientific workers.  相似文献   
4.
The influence of applied magnetic field during annealing process as well as of Mg doping on the room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling effects in BaSrCo2-xMgxFe11AlO22 are experimentally studied through the magnetization, magnetodielectric, and magnetoelectric current measurements. Hexaferrite samples of Co2Y were found to be highly oriented by an applied magnetic field (Ho) during the annealing process, leading to an enhancement of the room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling effects. Although the substitution of nonmagnetic Mg ions in Co sites tends to reduce the ferromagnetism at macroscopic scale, a proper amount of Mg doping content facilitates the superexchange interaction between the adjacent magnetic blocks; meanwhile modulates the magnetic anisotropy in the samples. An appropriate adjustment of the competition between the anisotropy and the superexchange could enhance the magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature, which can be confirmed by the magnetic-field-induced dielectric constant and current density study.  相似文献   
5.
张杰  刘壮  巨晓洁  谢锐  汪伟  褚良银 《化工学报》2021,72(9):4941-4949
二维膜因其可控的结构和通道特有的物理化学性质,在气体分离、海水淡化、污水处理等诸多分离领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。通过层状Mg/Al氢氧化物(LDH)单片与聚乙烯醇(PVA)高分子链之间的氢键相互作用,层层堆叠构建了PVA/LDH复合膜。利用SEM、XRD考察了PVA与LDH的配比对于复合膜层状结构与层间距高度的影响规律。考察了PVA/LDH复合膜的纯水通量及染料模型分子的截留率。结果表明,不同PVA混合量的复合膜断面都具有层状结构。由于氢键作用导致复合膜较之于纯LDH膜的层间距有所缩小,随着PVA含量增加复合膜层间距先减小后增加;在PVA含量为15%时达到最小值,PVA含量超过15%后复合膜层间距有所增加。不同比例复合膜,以PVA质量分数为25%的复合膜的纯水通量最大;同时,该复合膜对分子量在300~800的染料分子具有优异的截留性能,截留率均超过97%。该工作为PVA/LDH复合膜在印染废水处理提供了新思路。  相似文献   
6.
Biopolymers, a class of fascinating polymers from biomass provide sustainability, biodegradability, availability, biocompatibility, and unique properties. A ubiquitous feature of biopolymers is their hierarchical structure, with the presence of well-organized structures from the nanoscale to macroscopic dimensions. This structural organization endows biopolymers with toughness, defect resistance, and bucking adaptability. To retain these inherent structural features, nano-structural assemblies isolated from biomass have been applied as building blocks to construct new biopolymer-based materials. This top-down processing strategy is distinct from the more traditional molecular-level bottom-up design and assembly approach for new materials. In this review, the hierarchical structures of several representative biopolymers (cellulose, chitin, silk, collagen) are introduced with a focus on these nanoscale building blocks, as well as highlighting the similarities and differences in the respective chemistries and structures. Recent progress in production strategies of these natural building blocks are summarized, covering methods and treatments used for isolations. Finally, approaches and emerging applications of biopolymer-based materials using these natural nano- and meso-scale building blocks are demonstrated in areas of biomedicine, electronics, environmental, packaging, sensing, foods, and cosmetics.  相似文献   
7.
In order to obtain casein edible films with great packing performance, gelatin as the reinforcing additive with different ratios were loaded via two methods including layer- by- layer and blending. A comparative study on structure properties between double layers and blending films made from casein and gelatin was obtained by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The difference between the films' packing characters were conducted by water vapor permeability (WVP), optical property, and mechanical properties (including tensile strength (TS) and elongation (EAB)). The results showed that the degree of films roughness increased and the structural stability decreased as the increase of gelatin additive ratio in both double layers and blending films. Thickness and WVP both displayed a trend of increasing first then decreasing at the dividing of gelatin instead of casein in 50%. Importantly, WVP values in double layers film with a largest value of 6.95 gm−1Pa−1s−1 was higher than blending films, observably (P < 0.05). Additionally, TS in blending film was increased by 23.44% than double layers film under the gelatin additive proportion of 70%, and EAB value in double layers film was larger by 207.65% than blending film under the gelatin additive proportion of 10%.  相似文献   
8.
In this study, we report the three-point flexural strength and fracture toughness of monolithic hafnium carbide up to 2000 °C. HfC with different grain sizes was consolidated using the spark plasma sintering method. Coarse-grained monoliths showed a weak dependence on the strain rate during high-temperature tests at 1600 °C–2000 °C. In contrast, results for the ceramics with a grain size below 20 μm indicated a positive dependence of the yield strength vs strain rate. This allowed us to identify the activation energy for high-temperature deformation in flexure as 370 kJ/mol. This level of activation energy is in satisfactory agreement with reports about the diffusion of C in hafnium carbide.  相似文献   
9.
The Ag-Pd internal electrode of multilayer piezoelectric ceramics needs to be sintered below 1000°C, and lead wires and components need to be welded with lead-free solder at 260°C. PNN–PMW–PZT–xSr piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperature (Tc > 260°C) were synthesized at a low sintering temperature (960°C) to meet the requirements of multilayer piezoelectric devices. The relationship between structures (phase, domain, and microstructures) and electrical properties (piezo/ferroelectric properties, and dielectric relaxation) in the Sr2+ substituted ceramics was investigated. Rietveld refinement and Raman spectra show that Sr2+ substitution can cause the phase change and increase the force constant of [BO6] octahedron. The piezoelectric response increases with increasing the content of the tetragonal phase (CTP) in the rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) coexisted ceramics. The ceramics with 0.6 mol% Sr2+ substitution have minimum activation energy for domain wall movement (Ea) of 0.0362 eV which favors the formation of nanometer-sized domains, and possess excellent electrical properties (d33 = 623 pC/N, d33* =783 pm/V, Tc =295°C). The higher the CTP, the lower the Ea. The lower Ea favors the rotation of polarization direction and extension, and is beneficial to the generation of the nanometer-size domains, resulting in high piezoelectric properties.  相似文献   
10.
采用溶剂热法和溶胶-凝胶法合成了磁性Fe3O4@TiO2@SiO2复合光催化剂,再通过巯基改性,使二氧化硅表面原位合成银纳米颗粒,最终形成目标光催化剂。利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、VSM等分析测试手段对该催化剂的组成、结构、形貌及其磁学性能进行表征。通过光催化降解40 mL罗丹明B溶液(pH 5.3,30 mg/L),催化剂按1 g/L加入反应体系,光照120 min时,罗丹明B溶液的降解率达96.22%。相同条件重复循环实验10次,罗丹明B溶液降解率仅下降4.32%,表明Fe3O4@TiO2@SiO2@Ag磁性光催化剂具有出色的光催化活性和循环使用性。  相似文献   
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