卡脖深层水包及小车的改进

介绍了两种传统的深层卡脖水包及小车,指出了这两种水包及小车的不足,针对这些不足对其进行了改进,改进后的水包及小车有利于水包的更换,同时还说明了更换水包时的操作流程及注意事项。     

间位芳纶基导电纤维多功能织物的后整理工艺

对间位芳纶基导电纤维多功能混纺棉织物进行了阻燃和拒水拒油整理,采用单因素试验,研究了整理剂质量浓度、烘焙温度和时间对织物性能的影响。试验得出:整理剂质量浓度的变化、烘焙温度的升高以及烘焙时间的延长,均对织物的阻燃性、拒水拒油性、抗静电性及白度有影响,提出了适合生产要求的后整理工艺,为开发出多功能织物提供了理论依据。     

输水管材的选择及设计施工中应注意的问题

结合工程实例对城市输水工程管材的选择进行了论述，介绍了各种管材的优缺点，简述了输水工程经济流速与经济管径的选择，探讨了在设计施工中注意的问题并提出了相应的改进措施，以适应国民经济的发展，缓解城市的工业用水与生活用水困难的问题。     

铁路客车空调送风道试验台的研制

介绍了铁道客车送风道试验台的功能及其设计，提出了送风道送风均匀性的测试方法，对Y25型静压送风道进行了性能试验，并分析了该型号送风道的送风均匀性。     

基于红外热成像技术的车厢内部火灾预警研究

红外热成像技术是目前最为实用的火灾预警检测手段之一,可以有效提高列车车厢的运行安全。基于红外热像仪的原理及优点,结合动车组车厢较为狭长的特点,探讨红外探测器的镜头选择;提出了融合绝对温度和基于高度变化的火焰判定概率模型,提高了火焰检测的精度。在动车车组车厢环境中的测试验证了方法的有效性和稳定性,降低虚警。     

“U”型结构多目标拓扑优化

采用变密度法和折衷规划法建立了结构的多目标拓扑优化模型,并利用分析层级法确定了子目标权重。以"U"型结构为对象进行了多目标拓扑优化设计,得到了结构质量较轻的新结构形式。该方法可应用于结构的优化设计。     

Monitoring survey of patulin in a variety of fruit-based products using a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS analytical procedure

The mycotoxin patulin is known to be the predominant natural contaminant of apples, apple-based products and a variety of other fruits. Because of its high incidence and harmful health effects, patulin is included with mycotoxins, which are strictly monitored. In this study, a sensitive and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of patulin in a variety of fruit matrices. A combination of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure along with a solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up strategy enabled an effective removal of sample matrix and pre-concentration of patulin. This resulted in low limits of quantification ranging from 1 to 2.5 μg/kg, depending on fruit type. In our study, quantification of patulin was based on a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) using ¹³C₇-patulin as the internal standard. Data showed that the procedure described, in combination with neat solvent internal calibration, can be used for accurate quantification of patulin regardless the type of fruit. Although the SIDA method allowed omission of matrix-matched calibration, matrix-effects were estimated in order to assess suppression of the patulin signal caused by a variety of fruit samples. The method was fully validated for apples, apple baby food, apple juice, peaches, strawberries and blueberries. The recovery values were in the range from 92 to 109%. Repeatability of the method was below 10% for all tested matrices. The method was applied to the monitoring of patulin in 135 samples of fresh fruits and fruit products and can also be used as an efficient tool for routine monitoring of this contaminant in a variety of fruit-based foods.     

High‐Pressure Thermal Sterilization: Food Safety and Food Quality of Baby Food Puree

The benefits that high‐pressure thermal sterilization offers as an emerging technology could be used to produce a better overall food quality. Due to shorter dwell times and lower thermal load applied to the product in comparison to the thermal retorting, lower numbers and quantities of unwanted food processing contaminants (FPCs), for example, furan, acrylamide, HMF, and MCPD‐esters could be formed. Two spore strains were used to test the technique; Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, over the temperature range 90 to 121 °C at 600 MPa. The treatments were carried out in baby food puree and ACES‐buffer. The treatments at 90 and 105 °C showed that G. stearothermophilus is more pressure‐sensitive than B. amyloliquefaciens. The formation of FPCs was monitored during the sterilization process and compared to the amounts found in retorted samples of the same food. The amounts of furan could be reduced between 81% to 96% in comparison to retorting for the tested temperature pressure combination even at sterilization conditions of F₀‐value in 7 min.     

Multiclass method for fast determination of veterinary drug residues in baby food by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid multiresidue method for the determination of different veterinary drug residues in meat-based baby food (MBF) and powdered milk-based infant formulae (PMIF) has been developed. The method involves an extraction procedure based on buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methodology, without any further clean-up step, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method has been validated in two baby food matrices (MBF and PMIF) at three different concentration levels, obtaining suitable recoveries and precision (inter and intra-day precision) values. Quantification was carried out using matrix-matched standard calibration. Furthermore, the decision limit (CCα) and the decision capability (CCβ) were evaluated, ranging from 0.5 to 16.2 μg/kg and from 1.2 to 22.4 μg/kg, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of several kinds of baby food samples and traces of some veterinary drugs were detected.     

Effect of load position on physiological and perceptual responses during load carriage with an internal frame backpack

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load position in an internal frame backpack on physiological and perceptual variables. Ten female participants walked on a level treadmill for 10?min carrying 25% of their body weight in a high, central, or low position. The variables measured included oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (VE), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). VO₂, VE, and RPE were significantly lower in the high position (18.6?±?2.3?ml/kg/min, 31.7?±?5.0?l/min, 2.8?±?0.8, respectively) compared to the low position (22.2?±?3.0?ml/kg/min, 38.6?±?7.5?l/min, 3.7?±?1.0, respectively). HR, R, and RR did not change significantly as the load was moved from the high (129.8?±?16.8, 0.89?±?0.06, 30.3?±?4.2, respectively) to the low position (136.0?±?25.3, 0.92?±?0.04, 33.8?±?5.2, respectively). The results of this study suggest that load placement is an important factor in the physiological and perceptual responses to load carriage, and that packing heavy items high in the backpack may be the most energy efficient method of carrying a load on the back.