SDN‐based dynamic multipath forwarding for inter–data center networking

Equal‐cost multipath (ECMP)–based traffic engineering (TE) methods are commonly used in intra–data center (DC) networks to improve the transmission performance for east‐west traffic (ie, traffic from server to server within a DC). However, applying ECMP on inter‐DC wide area network (WAN) offers limited performance enhancement as a result of irregular network topology. Since TE can be intelligently and efficiently realized with software‐defined networking (SDN), SDN‐based multipath becomes a popular option. However, SDN suffers from scalability issue caused by limited ternary content‐addressable memory (TCAM) size. In this paper, we propose an SDN‐based TE method called dynamic flow‐entry‐saving multipath (DFSM) for inter‐DC traffic forwarding. DFSM adopts source‐destination–based multipath forwarding and latency‐aware traffic splitting to reduce the consumption of flow entries and achieve load balancing. The evaluation results indicate that DFSM saves 15% to 30% of system flow entries in practical topologies and reduces the standard deviation of path latencies from 10% to 7% than do label‐switched tunneling, and also reduces average latency by 10% to 48% by consuming 6% to 20% more flow entries than do ECMP in less‐interconnected topologies. Note that the performance gain may not always be proportional to flow entry investment, with the interconnectivity between nodes being an important factor. The evaluation also indicates that per‐flow provision consumes several times the flow entries consumed by DFSM but reduces latency by 10% at most. Besides, DFSM reduces the standard deviation of path latencies from 14% to 7% than do even traffic splitting.     

Robust spectrum sensing algorithm based on free probability theory

In low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) cases, the performance of spectrum sensing algorithms cannot meet the practical needs, which is a major problem faced by spectrum sensing technology in current cognitive radio field. Now, existing algorithms based on random matrix theory (RMT) have high sensing performance, but they require a large number of samples, which are very difficult to satisfy in practice. Free probability theory (FPT) is a main branch of RMT. It describes the asymptotic behavior of large random matrices and portrays a strong link between two matrices and their sum or product matrices. FPT can also be utilized to the digital communication system that can be modeled by random matrices and has been applied to spectrum sensing in simplified ideal channels, for example, additive white Gaussian noise channel. The most pivotal issue and difficulty of the FPT‐based methods is to set up and solve the asymptotic freeness equation corresponding to a specific communication model. In this paper, FPT‐based spectrum sensing schemes are proposed for some typical wireless communication systems, such as multiple‐input multiple‐output system, Rayleigh multipath fading system, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. It is shown that the asymptotic freeness behavior of random matrices and the property of Wishart distribution can be used to assist spectrum sensing for these typical systems with low SNR and very limited samples. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the existing RMT‐based spectrum detection methods, for example, the maximum and minimum eigenvalue detectors, the proposed FPT‐based schemes offer superior detection performance and are more robust to low SNR cases, especially for a small sample of observations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无线衰落信道模拟方法及仪器研制

信道模拟器是近年来无线通信系统测试与性能评估中的新型测量仪器,研究了包含路径损耗、阴影衰落、多径衰落和信道噪声多种因素的无线信道模型,提出了一种基于谐波叠加原理且易于硬件实现的复合衰落信道实时模拟方法,并据此研制了中频信道模拟器原理样机。实测和分析结果表明,模拟器输出信道衰落分布与理论值非常吻合,统计方差的相对偏差约为0.06%,而自相关特性和多普勒功率谱也均与设计值吻合,可用于实验室模拟真实传播环境对无线信号的随机失真影响。     

现代谱估计在窄带天线测试中的应用

在暗室中对窄带天线进行测量时,由于间接时域方法的测试带宽不足而无法有效地去除多径信号所产生的干扰,文中提出将现代频谱估计技术应用于此类天线的测试。以最大熵为约束条件,利用现代谱估计中的Burg算法求解接收到频域信号的AR模型参数,并对其进行频谱外推。从而在频域拓宽信号的测试带宽,在时域提高信号的分辨率,并运用间接时域测量技术精确加载时域门,达到去除多径干扰的目的。仿真和实测都验证了该方法的有效性及可靠性。     

基于位置感知和代理的WSN多径路由方案

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)中多径路由的可靠性和能量效率问题,提出了一种基于代理和位置感知的多径路由发现方案(LABMR).事件节点根据位置信息,动态寻找其到Sink节点之间的特殊中间节点,来构建多径路由.利用移动代理来收集多径路由的局部拓扑结构信息,Sink节点根据代理收集的路由参数来计算路径权值,以此选择最优不相交路径.同时,对于信息的重要性差异,Sink节点选择单条或多条路径来传输数据,在保证传输可靠性的同时减少能耗.与现有的基于代理的多径路由(ABMR)方法相比,LABMP在数据包投递率、能量消耗、额外开销和延迟方面具有更好的性能.     

基于差分时间平滑的多径信号DOA估计

针对移动通信环境中,多径信号与独立信号共存的混合信号模型DOA估计问题,依据差分方法与时间平滑原理,提出一种改进的DOA算法。该算法增加了可分辨信源个数,同时提高了相干信源DOA估计的性能,仿真实验证明,该算法在混合信号模型下解相干性能优于传统空间平滑法。     

基于对数域同态滤波的时延估计算法研究

针对水声信道中窄带信号的多途时延估计问题,本文在对复倒谱时延估计方法进行研究的基础上,提出了一种基于对数域同态滤波的时延估计算法.结合复倒谱与同态滤波思想,将接收的窄带信号首先变换到对数域,然后与本地存储的信号进行谱减法,再对相减后的信号进行滤波以消除残余的信号与噪声成分,最后将其恢复到时域以获取多途时延估计.与传统的匹配滤波/相关处理以及复倒谱分析方法相比,本文算法具有时延估计精度高、噪声抑制能力较强等特点.仿真与湖试数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Modeling GPS multipath effect based on spherical cap harmonic analysis

Most GPS positioning errors can be eliminated or removed by the differential technique or the modeling method, but the multipath effect is a special kind of system or gross error, so it is difficult to be simulated or eliminated. In order to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning, the single-epoch pseudorange multipath effects at GPS station were calculated, and firstly modeled based on the spherical cap harmonic (SCH), which is the function of satellite longitude and latitude with the robust method. The accuracy of the kinematic point positioning technique was improved by correcting pseudorange observations with the multipath effect calculated by the SCH model, especially in the elevation direction. The spherical cap harmonic can be used to model the pseudorange multipath effect.     

水下报文通信抗干扰方法

针对水声通信中的衰减信道和多途效应对报文通信的影响,利用混沌编码方式以获取处理增益,并利用拷贝相关器对信道进行估值的基础上,提出了用相干重置的方法对多途效应加以利用,以降低误码率.仿真结果表明,相干重置的方法相对于直接相关解码方法具有更低的误码率.由此可见,以上的方法对减少多途干扰的影响是有明显的效果的.水声通信一般部...