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1.
为明确不同皮渣浸渍时间对葡萄酒中缩合单宁的影响,以赤霞珠和西拉为材料,进行不同浸渍发酵时间处理,对葡萄皮和葡萄籽以及葡萄酒中缩合单宁的含量、组成、缩合单宁以及相关口感指标等进行了分析。结果表明,不同葡萄品种中缩合单宁的初始含量、聚合度及没食子酰化率都有显著差异(P<0.05)。葡萄皮中缩合单宁的平均聚合度显著高于葡萄籽(P<0.05),而葡萄皮缩合单宁的没食子酰化率则显著低于葡萄籽缩合单宁(P<0.05)。葡萄皮和葡萄籽中缩合单宁组成的最大差异是葡萄籽缩合单宁中不含有(?)-表棓儿茶素亚单元,而且末端单元主要是由(+)-儿茶素、(?)-表儿茶素和(?)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯组成。皮渣浸渍时间对葡萄酒中缩合单宁的组成及含量都有明显影响。随着浸渍时间的延长,葡萄酒中缩合单宁的总含量呈上升趋势,而平均聚合度则呈下降趋势。不同品种的葡萄酒之间缩合单宁含量也存在显著差异(P<0.05),这与不同葡萄品种中酚类物质的可浸提率有关。葡萄酒中葡萄皮缩合单宁的占比一直显著高于籽粒缩合单宁的占比(P<0.05),说明葡萄皮中缩合单宁比葡萄籽缩合单宁更容易浸提到葡萄酒中。相对于苦味和酸味,不同浸渍时间处理对葡萄酒的涩味影响更为显著(P<0.05),综合考虑酒体的丰满度和口感的平衡,皮渣浸渍时间选择14 d左右更好一些。  相似文献   
2.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red-wine grape pomaces on the quality and sensory attributes of beef hamburger patties. Both phenolic content and antioxidant activity were assessed using Syrah, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon pomaces. Following the assessment, hamburger patties were prepared with Merlot pomace at 0%, 2% and 4% for the patty quality and sensory attributes. Grape seeds possessed significantly higher phenolics and antioxidant activities over the seedless pomace (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found for phenolics and antioxidant activities within the seeds and seedless pomaces. The patty pH decreased as the pomace was added for 2% and 4%. Colour values (L*, a* and b*) of patties lowered as the pomace was added. Allo-Kramer shear force and hardness values increased while cooking yield decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of pomace. No significant difference between control and Merlot patties was found for flavour, juiciness and colour, whereas lower sensory attributes were observed for texture, taste and overall acceptability. It is observed that the addition of fermented red-wine grape pomace provides hamburger patties with health promoting factors such as antioxidant and other functional components, but it also provided darker, sourer and lower cooking yield.  相似文献   
3.
In this study, grape pomace (GP), a by-product consisting of grape skins and seeds rich in dietary fibres and polyphenols, was used in wafer sheets at different concentrations [5.00 (GP5), 10.0 (GP10), and 15.0 g 100 g−1 (GP15)] for the partial replacement of wheat flour (WF) and improve the functionality of wafer sheets. The GP inclusion at concentrations higher than 5.00 g 100 g−1 significantly affected the texture of sheets as well as the flow behaviour of batters, resulting in softer sheets and more viscous batters (P < 0.05). Moisture contents did not significantly change after GP addition (P > 0.05). After the addition of GP, the L* values decreased and the a* values increased, making the wafers darker (P < 0.05). Moreover, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice was significantly higher than control even at the lowest GP concentration (P < 0.05). Regarding sensory properties, only smoothness and crispness were significantly affected by GP addition, and samples were found to be crisper with higher concentrations of GP. In conclusion, it is possible to partially replace the WF in wafers with GP at a concentration of 5.00 g 100 g−1 to develop a product with higher functionality and nutrient content.  相似文献   
4.
This study investigated the effect of ultrafiltration (UF) combined with high-pressure processing (HPP) at 550 MPa, 25 °C for 5 min, ultrasound (US) at 520 W, 40 °C for 10 min and heat treatment (HT) at 90 °C for 3 min on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of a blueberry–grape–pineapple–cantaloupe juice blend during 104 days of storage at 4 °C. After UF, the shelf life of the HPP- and US-treated clear juice blends were 104 and 72 days during the storage at 4 °C respectively. HPP, US and HT treatment minimally affected the anthocyanin and total phenol contents, while HPP better maintained the ascorbic acid levels and sensory properties in the clear juice blend during the storage. Therefore, HPP combined with UF was identified as a prospective processing technique in the fruit juice industry.  相似文献   
5.
以Wistar大鼠为研究对象,探讨药桑葡萄果酒对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。收集动物试验各组动物血清、肝脏、心脏及脂肪组织,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及相应的抗氧化指标,并对大鼠肝脏和心脏进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,经药桑葡萄果酒灌胃后,与模型组相比,药桑葡萄果酒高、中、低组的TC分别下降了27.87%、36.96%和22.80%(P<0.05),TG分别下降了49.38%、62.63%和43.51%(P<0.05)。药桑葡萄果酒不同剂量组能显著提高大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05)。适量的药桑葡萄果酒可抑制大鼠肝脏中脂质的积累,改善脂肪肝病变和脂质代谢紊乱,从而降低高脂饮食大鼠体内血脂水平。  相似文献   
6.
In this study, grape pomace (mixture of grape seeds and skins) powder (GPP), obtained from grape processing, was used at different concentrations [10.0 (GPP10), 20.0 (GPP10) and 30.0 (GPP10) g/100 g] in white chocolate formulation for the partial replacement of sucrose. The results indicated that GPP addition at a higher concentration (>10.0 g/100 g) significantly affected the particle size, moisture content, texture and flow behaviour of white chocolate samples (P < 0.05). However, using GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g had advantages for physicochemical and flow properties. As expected, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice for GPP10 samples was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the study showed that it was possible to partially replace the sucrose with GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g in white chocolate formulations.  相似文献   
7.
目的 建立磁固相萃取技术结合表面增强拉曼散射(surface enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)法快速检测葡萄汁中的三唑磷。方法 以Fe3O4为磁芯,三醛基间苯三酚(trihydroxy-benzene tricarbaldehyde, Tp)和联苯胺(benzidine, BD)为配体合成共价有机框架(covalent organic framework,COF)包裹的磁性纳米材料Fe3O4@COF (TpBD)。以Fe3O4@COF (TpBD)为吸附材料,通过π-π相互作用和氢键作用吸附样品溶液中的三唑磷,实现复杂基质中三唑磷的分离和富集。以金纳米颗粒为SERS增强基底,结合便携式拉曼光谱仪建立一种三唑磷的快速检测和定量分析方法。结果 利用1000、1409和1596 cm-1拉曼位移处的SERS信号强度计算的三唑磷检出限分别为2.97、3.57和3.44 nmol/L,相关系数分别为0.9647、0.9677和0.9579。利用该方法检测葡萄汁中三唑磷的回收率为67.56%~86.80%,相对标准偏差为0.99%~1.68%。结论 本研究建立的磁固相萃取结合SERS方法在三唑磷的快速检测和定量分析中表现出了良好的灵敏度、准确性和稳定性,具有应用于果汁中三唑磷快速检测的潜力。  相似文献   
8.
以自根、贝达、3309C、5BB为砧木,以阳光玫瑰葡萄为原料酿造白兰地,研究四种砧木阳光玫瑰葡萄发酵过程中的理化指标、有机酸及香气成分的影响,探讨不同砧木对阳光玫瑰白兰地品质的影响。结果表明,随着发酵时间的延长,糖分含量呈先下降后保持稳定的趋势,酒精度呈先上升后保持稳定的趋势,自根砧木阳光玫瑰葡萄发酵液中残糖含量最高,为7.8%,3309C、贝达、5BB阳光玫瑰葡萄发酵液中残糖含量均为7.0%。自根、贝达、3309C、5BB砧木葡萄果实有机酸总量分别为1.45 g/100 mL、1.09 g/100 mL、1.05 g/100 mL、0.99 g/100 mL。自根、贝达、3309C、5BB砧木葡萄发酵及蒸馏过程中共分别检出18种、26种、24种、10种香气成分,其中主要包括醇类、酸类、酯类及醛类。综合评价,贝达砧木较其他砧木的阳光玫瑰白兰地品质好。  相似文献   
9.
肉类熟制过程中的提前褐变现象(Premature Browning,PMB)容易导致食品安全问题,高氧气调包装是导致该现象的一个主要因素。为抑制高氧气调包装牛肉饼的PMB现象,该研究向牛肉饼中添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚两种天然抗氧化物,通过测定其p H值、生鲜肉色和熟制肉色、脂肪氧化值、菌落总数和感官品质等指标,研究其对牛肉饼PMB现象的抑制作用。研究表明,添加0.1 g/kg的葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚可以显著降低肉饼贮藏过程中的脂质氧化,提高生肉饼的肉色稳定性。在贮藏第6 d时,添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚能将肉饼脂质氧化值由对照组的8.98mgMDA/kg分别降低至5.62mgMDA/kg和5.79mgMDA/kg(p<0.05),并使肉饼在中心温度66℃时的中心a*值显著高于其72℃的中心a*值(p<0.05),对高氧气调包装条件下肉饼的PMB有显著的抑制效果。同时,两种天然抗氧化物对肉饼的感官品质无负面作用。因此,生产中可以通过添加0.1 g/kg葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚来抑制高氧气调包装肉饼的PMB,提高食品安全性。  相似文献   
10.
Enriching the micronutrients, selenium (Se) and lithium (Li), in grapes to improve their nutraceutical properties were implemented by foliar application of organic fertiliser rich in Se and Li onto five grape cultivars. The effects of this biofortification on vine vigour, fruit quality, overall micronutrients and phenolic compounds also were investigated. Agronomic biofortification was found greatly increased the Se and Li content in the whole grape by multiple times, meanwhile it did not significantly affect the vine vigour and fruit quality of grapes. However, the biofortification did impact the Ionome (including all the mineral nutrients and trace elements) and phenolic compounds in grapes and this varied among cultivars. This study demonstrated foliar spray of organic Se/Li fertiliser was a very effective strategy to biofortify these micronutrients in grape berries, particularly in the skin, and therefore might be a promising strategy to increase the consumption and awareness of these grapes.  相似文献   
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