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1.
深凹露天矿山由于其特殊的结构,爆破产生的炮烟扩散稀释较为困难,严重危害生产作业人员的生命安全与健康。基于实际矿山构建了深凹露天矿山的二维物理及数学模型,采用非稳态数值分析方法研究了不同爆破位置下,深凹露天矿山采坑内爆破炮烟的扩散规律。研究结果表明:不同爆破位置下,露天采坑内均出现复环流,爆破点位置是影响露天采坑内风流结构特征的重要因素;露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度均随着时间变化而逐渐下降,但下降的速率逐步减小,呈现三个阶段的下降趋势;爆破位置位于背风侧时露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度和降至安全浓度所需时间远高于迎风侧三个爆破位置;随着背风侧爆破点距采坑底部距离的减小,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间先降低后增加,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间随着迎风侧爆破位置距采坑底部距离的减小而增加。研究结果对于指导深凹露天矿山企业合理组织爆破后的生产作业和保障作业人员安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   
2.
The gas diffusion substrate (GDS) is essential in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Its fabrication techniques affect the performance significantly and are worthy of investigation. In this study, a manufacturing process of the GDS is proposed to understand the formation process of GDS and promote its structure and performance more pertinently. Different states during the preparation process, raw carbon paper, pre-curing, curing, carbonation, and graphitization, are characterized and measured. Experimental and numerical methods are employed to determine the relationships between microstructure, transport, and mechanical performance variation with the fabricating processes. The results show that its porosity, average pore size, and effective diffusivity decrease first and increase after curing. These parameters after graphitization are lower than that of the carbon paper (CP). The electrical resistivity increases dramatically while pre-curing and decreases gradually after curing, carbonation, and graphitization, and it is much reduced after graphitization. Moreover, mechanical measurement results show that both the picks of tensile strength and flexural modulus occur after curing. Its tensile strength shows little change after graphitization compared to the initial paper's. In contrast, the flexural modulus is improved significantly.  相似文献   
3.
Electrolysis of water for producing hydrogen instead of traditional fossil fuels is one of the most promising methods to alleviate environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, Fe and F ion co-doped Ni3S2 nanoarrays grown on Ni foam substrate were prepared by typical hydrothermal and sulfuration processes for the first time. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that the adsorption energy of the material to water is greatly enhanced due to the doping of F and Fe, which is conducive to the formation of intermediate species and the improvement of electrochemical performance of the electrode. The adsorption energy of anions (F and S) and cations (Fe and Ni) to water in each material was also calculated, and the results showed that F ion showed the most optimal adsorption energy of water, which proved that the doping of F and Fe was beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. It is worth noting that the surface of Fe–F–Ni3S2 material will undergo reconstruction during the process of water oxidation reaction and urea oxidation reaction, and amorphous oxides or hydroxides in situ would be formed on the surface of electrode, which are the real active species.  相似文献   
4.
Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important components of fuel cells. In order to improve the fuel cell performance, GDL has developed from single layer to dual layers, and then to multiple layers. However, dual or multi layers in GDL are usually prepared by layer-by-layer methods, which cost too much time, energy, and resources. In this work, we successfully developed a facile one-step method to prepare a GDL with three functional layers by utilizing the different sedimentation rates and filtration rates of short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The treatment temperature for this GDL is much lower than that of traditional method. The thickness of the GDL can be effectively controlled from as thin as 50 μm to more than 200 μm by simply adjusting the content of CF. The GDL with high flexibility is suitable to develop high performance flexible electronics. The fuel cell with the GDL has the maximum power density 1021 mW cm?2, which shows 19% improvement comparing to the conventional one. Therefore, this work breaks the traditional concept that GDL for fuel cells only can be prepared by very complex and high-cost procedure.  相似文献   
5.
Classical Fourier's theory is well-known in continuum physics and thermal sciences. However, the primary drawback of this law is that it contradicts the principle of causality. To explore the thermal relaxation time characteristic, Cattaneo–Christov's theory is adopted thermally. In this regard, the features of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flows of Casson fluids over an impermeable irregular sheet are revealed numerically. In addition, the resulting system of partial differential equations is altered via practical transformations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An advanced numerical algorithm is developed in this respect to get higher approximations for temperature and velocity fields, as well as their corresponding wall gradients. For validating our numerical code, the current outcomes are compared with the available literature results. Moreover, it is revealed that the velocity field is more prominent in the suction flow situation as compared with the injection flow case. It is also found that the Casson fluid is hastened in the case of lower yield stress. Larger values of thermal relaxation parameters create a lessening trend in the temperature distribution and its related boundary layer breadth.  相似文献   
6.
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas.  相似文献   
7.
Natural gas hydrate nucleation is a complex physical and chemical process that is not well understood presently. In this article, an improved thermodynamic model is proposed to analyze the effects of surface curvature and wettability on methane hydrate nucleation for the first time. The results indicate that methane hydrate nucleation is more difficult on hydrophilic curvature surfaces under the same conditions, with a larger critical nucleation radius and required energy barrier than on hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, a convex surface is more favorable for forming methane hydrate under the same conditions than a concave surface. The model's results are critical in elucidating the microscopic mechanism of methane hydrate nucleation and providing a theoretical foundation for developing technologies for strengthening and inhibiting hydrate formation.  相似文献   
8.
魏朋  陈珺  王志国  刘飞 《化工学报》2022,73(2):792-800
在模拟移动床的实际工作过程中,由于进料浓度和温度变化以及色谱柱填充不一致等因素影响,初始工艺参数作业下的分离性能可能会出现下降。首先对模拟移动床的机理模型进行了分析;然后在色谱分离平衡理论的基础上,使用有限元正交配置法求解模型得到新的工艺参数点;最后以果葡糖浆组分分离为对象,使用所提方法求解有扰动作用时的优化工艺参数,结果显示果糖纯度的合格率从81%提高到99%,证明其具有良好的鲁棒性。  相似文献   
9.
施工导截流模型阻力不相似会导致试验成果与实际存在较大偏差。采用理论分析及水力计算方法,剖析了长导流隧洞壁面沿程阻力相似的影响因素,揭示了截流模型试验中阻力危机现象,提出了解决阻力不相似问题的途径。研究表明:对于隧洞导流模型受模型比尺制约,模型水流往往处于紊流过渡区,洞壁阻力系数是模型雷诺数的函数,如忽视模型阻力相似问题,会导致模型泄流能力试验值和洞内流态与原型存在较大偏差,可采取加大流量法或通过系统试验拟合阻力系数与模型雷诺数的关系,再对模型试验泄流能力成果予以修正。对于截流模型,块体抗冲稳定相似需满足推阻力系数相似,模型雷诺数Rem只有在3×104~2×105时,绕流阻力系数Cd才为常数,可通过合理选择模型比尺使模型水流进入自模拟区,避免阻力危机。  相似文献   
10.
沥青与集料的黏附性是沥青混合料水稳定性的关键影响因素,为定量分析沥青与集料之间的黏附性,采用表面自由能理论与改进水煮法分别进行评价。首先采用接触角测量试验测定了25 ℃条件下沥青、改性沥青、老化沥青与花岗岩、石灰岩、辉绿岩的表面能参数,并计算出不同沥青-集料系统的黏附功与剥落功,以黏附功与剥落功的绝对比值ER作为黏附性评价指标。同时以通过改进水煮法得出的沥青质量损失率F作为定量指标,对表面能理论试验结果加以验证。结果表明:掺入改性剂的90A沥青表面能减小了2.5%~6.2%,改性后的沥青-集料系统水稳定指标ER增加了1.9%~7.8%,黏附性增强,其中掺抗剥落剂的改善效果最好,沥青老化后ER值减小了4.3%~9.2%,黏附性减小。同类型沥青与不同种类集料的黏附性排序为沥青-石灰岩>沥青-辉绿岩>沥青-花岗岩,同种类集料与不同类型沥青的黏附性排序为90PA>90HC>90C≈90H>90A。通过延长水煮时间的改进水煮法得到的黏附性等级差异明显,其结果与表面能评价结果相同。评价指标ER与质量损失率F呈线性负相关,验证了表面能评价体系的可靠性。  相似文献   
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