人工智能在智慧海洋建设中的应用

围绕人工智能与智慧海洋建设这条主线，论述人工智能、智慧海洋的概念，列举当前较为成熟的人工智能与海洋科技在海洋观测方面融合的切入点，初步展现一种海洋技术与装备智能化的发展路径，提出加快人工智能技术向智慧海洋建设赋能的几点建议。     

海洋工程和船舶焊接变形预测方法研究

目前,影响海洋工程和船舶焊接结构质量的重要影响因素之一就是焊接变形,其产生的根本原因就是在焊接过程中因结构体受热不均、热梯度、残余应力等。基于此,本文对焊接变形预测的理论发展进程及其相关理论内涵进行详细阐述,并对基于神经网络的新型焊接变形预测理论的研究发展简单概述。     

Environmental contours for circular‐linear variables based on the direct sampling method

Environmental contours are often used in the design of engineering structures to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. The perhaps most common application of environmental contours is for wave climate variables such as significant wave height and wave period. However, for the design of wind energy installations, the joint distribution of wind speed and wind direction may be equally important. In this case, joint modelling of linear (wind speed) and circular (wind direction) variables are needed, and methods for establishing environmental contours for circular‐linear variables will be required. In this paper, different ways of establishing environmental contours for circular‐linear variables will be presented and applied to a joint distribution model for wind speed and wind direction. In particular, the direct sampling approach to environmental contours will be modified to the case where one of the variables is cyclic. In addition, contours based on exceedance planes in polar coordinates will be established, and circular‐linear contours will also be calculated based on the inverse FORM (I‐FORM) approach.     

Cooperative path planning with priority target assignment and collision avoidance guidance for rescue unmanned surface vehicles in a complex ocean environment

In this paper, a novel cooperative path planning scheme of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for rescuing targets in a complex ocean environment is proposed. The primary objective of the rescue USVs is to bring all targets back safely on the premise of first rescuing priority targets, while optimizing the path length, the navigation time and the angular energy. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The proposed K-means-division (KMD) algorithm is able to identify a complex ocean environment with collision-free zone and static-obstacles zone; (2) The proposed path planning method with fast-marching-method-based ellipse guidance range (E-FMM) is able to optimize the angular energy while ensuring safety; (3) The proposed cooperative management system (including priority-target-assignment (PTA) with reward-mechanism genetic-optimization (RM-GO) and collision-avoidance (CA) guidance law with Tangent-based surge-varying wave-disturbances-observer (Tangent-SV-WDO)) can accomplish the mission of the rescue USVs. Comparative studies with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that the proposed cooperative path planning scheme is superior in terms of priority-target-assignment (PTA) and collision-avoidance (CA) of the actual rescue work.     

南海油气工程防腐要求及相关标准探讨

海洋油气工程是一项综合、复杂的系统工程,由于所处环境条件恶劣、腐蚀严重,影响了油气工作平台及相关设施的安全、稳定、高效的运行。分析了南海地区的海洋环境因素,结合国际相关标准要求,探讨了南海油气工程防腐要求。     

碳材料改性的Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极的孔隙率研究

目的 制备石墨烯、活性炭及碳纤维改性Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极,研究改性电极的孔隙率变化及孔隙率对电极极差性能的影响。方法 首先将3种碳材料与Ag粉、AgCl粉末混合,并采用粉压法将其压制烧结成电极,并对电极进行吸水率测试、孔隙率计算、极差测试以及表面形貌观察。结果 经过石墨烯改性的电极性能提升最明显,吸水率可达0.026,孔隙率可达4.15%,相比于未改性的电极(吸水率0.003,孔隙率0.071%)有较大的提高,且极差减小至0.072 mV,极差稳定时间缩短至约3 h。采用超景深三维显微系统对4种电极表面形貌进行观察,石墨烯、活性炭的加入有效提高了电极表面孔的数量以及微观高度差的大小,GO-Ag/AgCl电极的表面孔洞较大且分布均匀,微观高度差达到41.27 μm。结论 孔隙率与电极极差、极差稳定时间有较大的相关性,在一定范围内,孔隙率越大,电极极差越稳定且越小,极差稳定时间越小,且石墨烯的引入可有效提升Ag/AgCl电极的孔隙率,对其极差性能有较大提高。     

岛礁建筑物耐久性综合治理初探

通过采取在混凝土中掺加钢筋阻锈剂、改性聚酯纤维、高效减水剂及絮凝剂,在混凝土结构表面涂刷防水涂层等措施,对混凝土耐久性进行综合治理,显著改善了海洋环境条件下建筑物的抗腐蚀性能。     

高性能海水养殖鲍鱼专用人工礁石的研究

根据鲍鱼生长特征设计了专用人工礁石，在配制混凝土的过程中，考虑到混凝土中掺入微量元素对海洋中藻类附着非常有利，经多次试验确定了向量元素的含量，同时，考虑到礁石在海洋环境中的耐久性，对工艺制作，配比优化，海岛特殊环境下的养护条件，混凝土在海流冲刷下的长期稳定性等进行了大量研究，研究表明，采用高性能，高功能、生态混凝土技术渔礁的耐久性是可靠的。采用复合外加剂，纳米超细硅质材料，表面浸透憎水材料、自制附着式震动密实成型设备，大阳能养护等技术措施是可行的，掺用复合微量元素制作的人工礁石仅投放40天，就长满了大量的海洋生物，与海洋生物共存的性能十分优异。     

混凝土海洋平台氯离子侵蚀试验研究

氯离子向混凝土内部侵蚀是混凝土海洋平台结构耐久性降低的一个主要原因。而高性能混凝土特点是低水胶比及添加活性矿物集料。从而达到改善耐久性能的目的。本文对不同水胶比及掺加粉煤灰、硅灰的高性能混凝土的氯离子扩散系数进行了试验研究，分析了水胶比及粉煤灰和硅灰等活性集料对海洋混凝土结构抵抗氯离子侵蚀的耐久性能的影响，为混凝土海洋平台结构的耐久性设计与评估提供参考。