Effect of baking in different ovens on the quality and structural characteristics of saltine crackers

The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical and microstructural characteristics of crackers baked in four different industrial baking ovens (indirect radiation-cyclotherm, indirect convection, hybrid and industrial tunnel-ITO). Indirect convection and cyclotherm ovens provide the highest (5685.43 ± 51 W m⁻²) and the lowest (4860 ± 38.87 W m⁻²) amount of heat flux, respectively. Despite the amount of heat flux, indirect convection led to crackers with the highest moisture (7.86% vs. 4.82% in clyclotherm) and specific volume, but the lowest hardness. Cyclotherm resulted in crackers with lower specific volume, surface area, porosity, smooth and regular surface. Conversely, the hybrid and ITO ovens showed closer heat flux, leading to crackers with similar moisture content, texture parameters, specific volume, browning and inner porosity. Overall results show the potential of baking using different ovens for modifying the quality parameters of the crackers.     

焦炉前反馈热工控制系统运行实践

焦炉生产是典型的大惯性、非线性、时变快的复杂系统，以“火落温度”为基础的焦炉前反馈热工控制系统，通过立火道温度自动测量与人工测温相关性分析、粗煤气温度测量与火落判断、标准温度的优化等运行实践，达到了自动火落时间判断、标准温度指导、加热和燃烧优化、高低温炉号判别等目的，对于稳定炉温、降低回炉煤气消耗、提高焦炭质量以及推进焦化企业技术进步具有重要意义。     

Power Generation from Coke Oven Gas Using Chemical Looping Combustion: Thermodynamic Simulation

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) combined cycle with coke oven gas as fuel and NiO/NiAl₂O₄ as an oxygen carrier is proposed. The system was simulated by Aspen Plus® and the oxygen carrier circulation ratio was calculated. The effects of key operational temperatures and different gas turbines on the system performance were investigated. Under optimized conditions, a high CO₂ capture efficiency could be achieved. To capture CO₂ thoroughly, the PG6561B gas turbine can be employed, allowing for nearly 100 % CO₂ capture efficiency.     

漆包机烘炉加热失效原因探究及处理

针对漆包机烘炉加热失效形式及产生原因,进行了深入的研究和分析。结果表明,影响烘炉加热失效的主要原因是加热管损坏及装配异常、催化剂表面粘有金属化合物等颗粒杂质、排废风机转速设定不合理,并对加热管、催化剂、排废风机提出了合理实用的技术措施,为降低烘炉加热失效提高加热效果提供帮助。     

干熄炉斜道区莫来石-红柱石砖的损毁研究

测试并比较了使用4年后干熄炉斜道区莫来石-红柱石过梁砖不同部位(炉腔侧、风道侧和芯部)砖体的体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度、化学组成,利用XRD和SEM分别分析了其物相组成和显微结构变化,并对其损毁机制进行了探讨。结果表明:1)莫来石-红柱石砖原始强度较低,易遭受炉体结构应力和热应力破坏;2)与砖体芯部相比,炉腔侧和风道侧受环境气氛影响更大,结构更为疏松,强度下降更明显;3)高温下红柱石莫来石化导致的体积膨胀、低熔点相侵入形成的新物相以及弱还原气氛下SiO2的分解破坏了材料的结合体系,造成了材料致密度的降低和强度大幅下降,是除了炉体结构应力、热应力等因素外,导致干熄炉斜道区莫来石-红柱石砖破坏的不可忽略的因素。     

A strategy to reduce the impact of tar on a Ni‐YSZ anode of solid oxide fuel cells

High‐temperature raw coke oven gas (COG) is a promising fuel for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because it is rich in both hydrogen (55%‐60%) and methane (23%‐27%). However, the tar present in COG limits its ability to directly generate power using state‐of‐art SOFCs because the presence of tar limits the cell's performance and stability. In this work, a strategy is presented in the attempt to reduce the influence of tar on SOFCs by applying a La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ catalyst as a protective layer for the cell. The results showed that 44‐g Nm^?3 toluene had a profoundly negative effect on the performance of a conventional cell, which showed severely reduced performance after only 1.4 hours of exposure to toluene‐contaminated hydrogen. In contrast, the catalyst‐modified cell showed good stability for at least 110 hours under the same conditions. This work provides a promising route to directly utilize raw COG as an SOFC fuel that is also suitable for biosyngas.     

焦炉煤气配加转炉煤气生产甲醇工艺介绍

介绍了焦炉煤气配加转炉煤气生产甲醇的工艺流程及主要技术特点。该工艺开辟了利用转炉煤气的新方法,可充分利用新鲜气的有用成分,具有增产甲醇和降低消耗等优点。     

捣固焦炉烟囱冒黑烟的原因及改进

分析了捣固焦炉烟囱冒黑烟的原因和主要影响因素,通过优化捣固操作、缩小煤箱宽度和改进配煤结构等措施,推焦电流由150~170A降低到105~120A,杜绝了焦炉烟囱冒黑烟现象。     

7.63m焦炉循环氨水系统运行特点及检修技术

介绍了7.63m焦炉循环氨水系统的设计参数、应急系统设计、氨水工艺流程、主要设备和生产运行中出现的问题,论述了循环氨水系统检修方案的制定实施、焦炉生产作业调整、冷却水量平衡保供及生产、环保风险的防控等实践活动。     

焦炉煤气组合脱硫工艺的讨论和比选

介绍了真空碳酸盐法（VS法）、氨硫联合洗涤法（AS法）、ADA法焦炉煤气脱硫工艺的优缺点,并对VS-WSA工艺、ADA-硫磺工艺、AS-WSA工艺与AS-硫磺工艺的经济效益进行了比较,为选择科学可靠的焦炉煤气脱硫工艺提供了参考.