Characterizations of friction welding joint interface for AISI 316

Because of heat amount is different from peripheral to central of friction welding interface, which is leaded to vary the characterizations along that interface. Current study, respectively, focused on the effect of different friction pressure on micro-structural and mechanical properties of that friction welding joint interface. Presently, these friction pressures are 110, 130, 150 and 170 MPa while kept all other conditions constant. The effects of different friction pressure on welding interface characterization were investigated by EDX, SEM, tensile, compression, impact and hardness tests. The tensile tests carried out on the standardized test piece with diameter 6 mm and 8 mm, thus, compression tests were extracted from the positions of 0°, 45° 90° with test specimen of 4 mm diameter and 6.5 mm length at weld center. Whereas, the impact test pieces were picked up in two positions, the first one is symmetrical, which it obtained to the respect of the rotation axis and the interface, on the other hand, the second one is non-symmetrical with the axis of rotation and symmetrical to the interface, for making the notch head coincide with the center of the welded joint, The obtained results showed that with reducing of friction pressure will present lack of bonding increasing from peripheral toward the welding center, which will responsible on reducing of the mechanical properties such as tensile, compression and impact strength.     

Calcium: A comprehensive review on quantification,interaction with milk proteins and implications for processing of dairy products

Calcium (Ca) is a key micronutrient of high relevance for human nutrition that also influences the texture and taste of dairy products and their processability. In bovine milk, Ca is presented in several speciation forms, such as complexed with other milk components or free as ionic calcium while being distributed between colloidal and serum phases of milk. Partitioning of Ca between these phases is highly dynamic and influenced by factors, such as temperature, ionic strength, pH, and milk composition. Processing steps used during the manufacture of dairy products, such as preconditioning, concentration, acidification, salting, cooling, and heating, all contribute to modify Ca speciation and partition, thereby influencing product functionality, product yield, and fouling of equipment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of Ca partition on dairy products properties to support the development of kinetics models to reduce product losses and develop added-value products with improved functionality. To achieve this objective, approaches to separate milk phases, analytical approaches to determine Ca partition and speciation, the role of Ca on protein–protein interactions, and their influence on processing of dairy products are discussed.     

一种基于证据推理的视频运动目标融合检测算法

为了解决复杂场景下传统的运动目标检测问题, 利用证据推理—–谨慎有序加权平均方法(COWA-ER), 提出一种综合使用混合高斯、均值滤波和码本的多方法融合的检测方法. 该融合检测算法以上述3 种检测方法为准则建立一个多准则决策框架, 通过双阈值检测法来表征检测过程中的不确定性, 最终利用COWA-ER 方法进行决策级融合, 实现多种方法的优势互补. 实验表明, 所提出的融合检测算法具有更理想的目标检测效果, 能有效应对诸如阴影及光照突变等问题对检测性能的影响.

     

书屋赞歌

结合书屋学习，抒写自己的体会。     

气管上段腺样囊性癌的临床病理

目的　探讨气管上段腺样囊性癌的临床病理特征及诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法　收集2000年1月至2014年2月在北京协和医院确诊的4例气管上段腺样囊性癌病例，通过光镜、免疫组织化学及组织化学染色分析其临床病理特征、免疫组织化学特点、诊断及鉴别诊断要点。结果　4例气管上段腺样囊性癌患者中，男1例，女3例，平均年龄47岁(38~57岁）；既往均无腺样囊性癌病史，1例患者既往有结节性甲状腺肿手术史。镜下检查4例均为筛状/管状型腺样囊性癌，3例累及甲状腺组织，3例累及神经组织，未见淋巴结受累。免疫组织化学染色示4例P16、CD117、BCL2、P63、SMA均阳性，Ki67指数平均8%，TTF1和P53均阴性；4例中基底膜样物胶原Ⅳ阳性；组织化学染色示AB/PAS阳性。术后均接受总剂量为48~56 Gy的放疗，随访6~120个月，平均72.5个月，1例术后96个月复发，3例随访期间无复发及转移。结论　气管上段腺样囊性癌是罕见的原发于气管的低度恶性肿瘤，肿瘤生长缓慢，就诊时多数已侵及甲状腺组织，需要与原发于甲状腺的恶性肿瘤相鉴别，特别是在甲状腺穿刺及术中冰冻检查时。结合电子喉气管镜下表现、典型的形态学及免疫组织化学和组织化学染色有助于准确诊断。手术难以切除干净，术后放疗对延缓疾病复发有一定帮助。     

腹腔脏器病变术前经腹超声检查漏诊及误诊原因

目的　评估腹腔脏器病变患者术前经腹超声检查报告并分析超声漏诊及误诊的原因。方法　通过病理工作站导出2013年3月1日至8月31日因腹腔脏器（肝脏、胆囊、胆管、胰腺、脾脏、肾脏、肾上腺和阑尾）病变于北京协和医院进行手术治疗的住院患者病理资料，评估相应超声报告，记录漏、误诊报告信息，分析漏、误诊原因。结果　共评估超声报告1081份，漏、误诊报告58份（5.37%，58/1081），其中肝脏病变6例（5.77%，6/104），均为误诊；胆囊和胆管病变6例（1.30%，6/462），漏诊5例、误诊1例；胰腺病变14例（19.72%，14/71），均为漏诊；肾脏和肾上腺病变20例（6.47%，20/309），漏诊11例、误诊9例；阑尾病变12例（16.00%，12/75），漏诊11例、误诊1例。漏诊结节样病变最大径平均值显著低于误诊病变（P=0.001）。结论　不同腹腔脏器病变因性质、部位、体积以及超声本身的局限性等原因导致超声漏诊或误诊，超声医师在临床工作中应做到全面、仔细、谨慎，了解各腹腔脏器病变的自身特点以及超声显像的局限性，不断积累经验，尽可能避免不必要的错误。     

一减一增提高水貂繁育率

有这么一句话“家有万贯，带毛的不算”意思是说搞养殖有很大的风险，尤其是近几年，养殖成本越来越高，风险也就越来越大，可就是这样，在养殖行业依然有一些人获得很高的效益，他们有着一整套的科技经。     

科学家对致病的稻瘟病真菌有了新发现

科学家对致病的稻瘟病真菌有了新发现     

植物可能利用最新发现的分子语言建立联系

近期，弗吉尼亚理工学院教授Jim Westwood研究了植物是如何在分子水平上进行彼此之间的联系。这也给了科学家新的洞察方式，以抗击世界最贫穷地区肆虐于粮食作物上的寄生杂草。     

基于约束输入变速吸引律的离散重复控制器设计

针对离散时间线性系统的周期跟踪问题, 提出一种能够约束控制输入变化速度的变速吸引律, 结合干扰抑制措施构造了理想误差动态, 并由此导出离散重复控制器. 分析表明, 该变速吸引律能使跟踪误差在有限时间内单调收敛至零, 且误差收敛速度可控. 为刻画误差动态行为, 推导了有界扰动下的误差单调收敛域、绝对值收敛域和稳态误差带, 并给出了收敛步数. 针对伺服电机系统的仿真与实验结果验证了所提出控制方案的有效性.