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1.
采用符合XF 10—2014《消防员灭火防护服》标准的甲纶四层面料与芳纶四层面料,测试其组合的热防护系数(TPP值);用同样的面料制作灭火防护服,并通过假人燃烧实验对比甲纶灭火防护服与芳纶灭火防护服的整体热防护性能。结果表明:甲纶防护服热防护系数不及芳纶灭火防护服,但整体热防护性能远超现行芳纶灭火防护服,甲纶灭火防护服总烧伤面积为15.28%,芳纶灭火防护服总烧伤面积为53.34%。  相似文献   
2.
曾欣欣  白慧娟  俞娟  黄培  杨超  徐俊波 《化工学报》2022,73(6):2352-2369
基于面向空天动力用聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的背景,分析了复合材料面临的介尺度结构设计与调控的关键科学问题及研究思路。综述了国内外热塑性聚酰亚胺构-效设计、复合材料微/纳复合界面强化以及健康结构动态监测的基础研究,并提出了未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   
3.
Unidirectional (UD) silicon carbide (SiC) fiber-reinforced SiC matrix (UD SiCf/SiC) composites with CVI BN interphase were fabricated by polymer infiltration-pyrolysis (PIP) process. The effects of the anisotropic distribution of SiC fibers on the mechanical properties, thermophysical properties and electromagnetic properties of UD SiCf/SiC composites in different directions were studied. In the direction parallel to the axial direction of SiC fibers, SiC fibers bear the load and BN interphase ensures the interface debonding, so the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the UD SiCf/SiC composites are 813.0 ± 32.4 MPa and 26.1 ± 2.9 MPa·m1/2, respectively. In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of SiC fibers, SiC fibers cannot bear the load and the low interfacial bonding strengths between SiC fiber/BN interphase (F/I) and BN interphase/SiC matrix (I/M) both decrease the matrix cracking stress, so the corresponding values are 36.6 ± 6.9 MPa and 0.9 ± 0.5 MPa?m1/2, respectively. The thermal expansion behaviors of UD SiCf/SiC composites are similar to those of SiC fibers in the direction parallel to the axial direction of SiC fibers, and are similiar to those of SiC matrix in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of SiC fibers. The total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EM SET) of UD SiCf/SiC composites attains 32 dB and 29 dB when the axial direction of SiC fibers is perpendicular and parallel to the electric field direction, respectively. The difference of conductivity in different directions is the main reason causing the different SET. And the dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding mechanism is absorption for both studied directions.  相似文献   
4.
在乏燃料后处理厂的工作环境中可能存在着低能中子-γ射线混合辐射,严重威胁工作人员的人身安全。本文针对上述混合辐射环境,利用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4模拟计算了一种钨/硼纤维增强含硼/铋聚合物复合材料中不同材料参数对低能中子和γ射线综合防护效果的影响。结果显示,此种钨/硼纤维复合材料对低能中子和γ射线均具有良好的屏蔽效果。文章证实了纤维垂直排布方式具有比平行排布方式更优的屏蔽效果,且垂直排布方式下透过粒子束的强度分布更加均匀。此外,在聚合物基体中掺杂一定质量分数的硼/铋可以进一步增强复合材料的辐射屏蔽效果。依据这些结果我们认为此种复合材料可以为后处理厂等辐射环境中的防护服及相关防护用具提供参考。  相似文献   
5.
聚酰亚胺气凝胶具有高比表面积、低密度、低热导率等优点,但是存在易吸湿、收缩率大且在制备过程中大量使用有机溶剂以及使用价格昂贵的化学交联剂等问题。本文主要介绍了目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法、性能及其应用,重点综述了二酐与二胺缩合反应法、异氰酸酯法、开环易位聚合法。简述了几种方法的制备原理,同时也总结了聚酰亚胺气凝胶在隔热、抗辐射、油水分离、过滤等领域应用的研究进展。最后,对聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法及实际应用进行了总结与评价,提出在今后的研究工作中要以解决易吸湿、收缩率大、探索其他类型交联剂作为重点。并且,立足于目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶及其复合材料的发展趋势,对今后聚酰亚胺气凝胶新的存在形态、新的应用领域进行了展望。  相似文献   
6.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have received widespread attention due to their unique structure and broad application possibilities, but high preparation costs and agglomeration limit their usage. In this article, low-cost and environmentally friendly cellulose and ZnCl2 are used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Subsequently, multifunctional ZnO/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofiber mats (ZnO/PAN@NFMs) with mechanical stability suitable for large-scale application are prepared via solution blow-spinning. The synthesized ZnO/PAN@NFMs exhibit higher photodegradation of organic dyes than earlier reported semiconductors and good recycling performance with an organic dye degradation above 94%–98% after five cycles, which is ascribed to fixation of the ZnO NPs in the nanofibers. In addition, the inhibition rate for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is above 99.9% and the bacteriostatic rate against E. coli remains as high as 99% after 10 cycles. From these properties, the synthesized composite ZnO/PAN@NFMs are promising for wastewater cleaning and antibacterial fabrics.  相似文献   
7.
Mesophase pitch was separated into different pitch fractions to investigate the effect of pitch fractions on the properties of their nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The evolution of different pitch fractions-derived nanofibers during stabilization and carbonization were explored, and the properties of the resultant carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitor were compared. Results indicated that the hexane insoluble-toluene soluble (HI-TS) and toluene insoluble-tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble (TI-THFS) fractions had good spinnability due to their narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, compared with HI-TS and THF insoluble (THFI), TI-THFS consisted of appropriate aromaticity and branched alkyl groups which promoted the stabilization and carbonization behaviors of its nanofibers, resulting in maintaining ideal fiber morphology of TI-THFS-derived nanofiber due to the mitigation of their exothermic reactions. Meanwhile, the TI-THFS-derived CNFs presented the highest surface area of 543 m2 g−1 and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 167 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte.  相似文献   
8.
Given the superior thermal stability and electromagnetic features, continuous Si–B–(C)–N ceramic fibers have displayed great potential to fulfill the increasing demand for the high-temperature structural and functional materials. Manufacture of such ceramic fibers depends heavily upon the design of processable polymer precursors. Herein, a class of polyborosilazanes (PBSZs) with high spinnability were created through a facile one-pot synthesis. The trade-off between spinnability and ceramic yield of PBSZs was overcome by using heptamethyldisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane as the co-condensing agents to polymerize silicon and boron chloride monomers. The optimal PBSZs can fabricate continuous Si–B–C–N fibers with homogeneous diameter of 7.9 ± 0.5 μm and high ceramic yield of 80 wt%. Experimental characterization and quantum chemical computation revealed the mechanistic pictures of the impact of pendant groups on the polycondensation, melt spinning, and pyrolyzing process. These insights improve our understanding of spinnable pre-ceramic polymers for exploiting high-performance nitride ceramic fibers.  相似文献   
9.
The maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (GO-MA) is fabricated by an efficient and solvent-free Diels–Alder reaction. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), PET/TLCP/GO-MA, PET/TLCP/aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2), and PET/TLCP/GO-MA/MWCNTs-NH2 composite fibers are systematically melt-spun. The structure and compatibilizing effects of GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH2 on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the composite fibers are indicated. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that TLCP and nanofillers can change the crystalline morphology of PET. The mechanical properties of the fibers rise with increasing TLCP content. The tensile strength 929 MPa and modulus 17.5 GPa of the fibers with 7 wt% TLCP and 0.25 wt% nanofillers (0.1 wt% GO-MA and 0.15 wt% MWCNTs-NH2) are significantly higher than those with 7 wt% TLCP (tensile strength 622 MPa and modulus 16.1 GPa) and even higher than those with 15% TLCP (tensile strength 836 MPa, and modulus 18.0 GPa). When the GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH2 co-exist, the anti-dripping phenomenon is improved. Therefore, the TLCP, GO, and MWCNTs synergistically strengthens the mechanical properties. This is promising for the industrial fabrication of high-strength fibers.  相似文献   
10.
This study presents the development and characterization of PVDF-conjugated polymer nanofiber-based systems. Five different conducting polymers (CPs) were synthesized successfully and used to create the nanofiber systems. The CPs used are polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), polyindole (PIN), polyanthranilic acid (PANA), and polycarbazole (PCZ). Nanofiber systems were produced utilizing the Forcespinning® technique. The nanofiber systems were developed by mechanical stretching. No electrical field or post-process poling was used in the nanofiber systems. The morphology, structure, electrochemical and piezoelectric performance was characterized. All of the nanofiber PVDF/CP systems displayed higher piezoelectric performance than the fine fiber PVDF systems. The PVDF/PPY nanofiber system displays the highest piezoelectric performance of 15.56 V. The piezoelectric performance of the PVDF/CP nanofiber systems favors potential for an attractive source of energy where highly flexible membranes could be used in power actuators, sensors and portable, and wireless devices to mention some.  相似文献   
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