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1.
Internal stability assessment of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures (GRSSs) has been commonly carried out assuming plane-strain conditions and dry backfills. However, failures of GRSSs usually show three-dimensional (3D) features and occur under unsaturated conditions. A procedure based on the kinematic limit-analysis method is proposed herein to assess 3D effects and the role of steady unsaturated infiltration on the required geosynthetic strength for GRSSs. A suction stress-based framework is used to describe the soil stress behavior under steady unsaturated infiltration. Based on the principle of energy-work balance, the required geosynthetic strength is determined. A comparison analysis with the prior research is conducted to verify the developed method. Two kinds of backfills, i.e., high-quality backfill and marginal backfill, are considered for comparison in this work. It is shown that accounting for 3D effects and the role of unsaturated infiltration considerably reduces the required geosynthetic strength. The 3D effects are primarily affected by the width-to-height ratio of GRSSs, and the contribution of unsaturated infiltration is mainly influenced by the soil type, flow rate, GRSS's height, and location of the water table.  相似文献   
2.
基于行波的无损离子操作结构装置(TW-SLIM)是一种新型的可实现复杂气相离子操作的离子漂移管,是行波离子迁移谱(TWIMS)的核心器件,其利用行波脉冲电源提供振荡电场实现离子传输和分离。 针对行波无损离子操作结构特性,采用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)作为行波脉冲信号源,使用集成半桥驱动器作为栅极驱动,以金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFET)构成的半桥拓扑电路作为脉冲输出级,使用可调高压电源作为半桥电路的直流母线电源,设计了一种行波脉冲电源。脉冲电源输出脉冲电压最大频率可达100 kHz,峰 峰值可达200 V,上升时间和下降时间均小于20 ns。在实验室自制的行波离子迁移谱仪器平台上测试了行波幅值和频率对离子传输和离子分离的影响。结果表明,当频率为10 kHz、幅值为35 V时,六(2,2 二氟乙氧基)磷腈的传输效率最高;在行波幅值不变时,随着行波频率的增大,离子信号强度减小。利用六(2,2 二氟乙氧基)磷腈和六(1H,1H,3H 全氟丙氧基)磷氮烯探究行波幅值和频率对离子基于结构分离情况的影响,在行波幅值不变时,随着行波频率增大,对2种离子的分离能力变强;在频率不变时,随着行波幅值增大,对2种离子的分离能力变弱。实验结果为行波离子迁移谱中的离子传输与分离机制提供了基本理解,该行波脉冲电源对于高分辨率TWIMS研发具有重要价值。  相似文献   
3.
The over-exploitation of finite fossil resources and/or the increased environmental and sustainable awareness inspire scientists and technologists to search for inexpensive alternatives from renewable chemicals. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins, the oldest type of synthetic polymers with good mechanical properties and heat resistance, are widely used in the production of coatings, laminates, molding compositions, and glues. Here, biobased urushiol-derived PF resins were synthesized from the alkali-catalyzed reaction between urushiol and formaldehyde. The chemical compositions and molecular structures of resole resins were characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The as-prepared urushiol-derived resole resins had methylol (Ph−CH2OH), ortho- and para-hemiformal groups (Ph−CH2OCH2OH), and the para−para/ortho−para/ortho−ortho links of methylene groups (Ph−CH2−Ph), whereas the resole resins had low curing temperatures at about 100–113°C. Additionally, given the long side alkyl group moiety on the aromatic rings of urushiol, the films of cured urushiol-derived resole resins had low glass transition temperatures of 132 ± 2°C. Furthermore, the as-prepared urushiol-derived coatings exhibited excellent physical and mechanical properties.  相似文献   
4.
为得到一种模型简单、计算精度高,且能更好反映土-结构相互作用的地下结构抗震设计方法,根据双参数地基模型的原理,用比传统单参数模型更加接近土体性质的双参数模型简化土体,并根据受力和变形特性对双参数计算模型进行简化,最终得到能考虑土体间相互作用的修正反应位移法.修正方法计算模型与传统反应位移法相比,仅仅是法向弹簧的基床系数进行了一定的修正,仍然是一种模型简单的计算方法.建立数值模型进行分析,以动力时程计算结果为基准,并与传统反应位移法作对比验证修正方法的正确性.结果表明,相比传统采用离散弹簧模拟土体的反应位移法,修正方法的内力及变形误差能减小一半左右,由此得到修正方法是一种模型简单且计算精度较高的设计方法,能够应用到地下结构抗震设计中.  相似文献   
5.
Molecular mechanisms and process kinetics of crystallizing concomitant polymorphs remain poorly understood. Solvent-mediated phase transformation and concomitant crystallization are difficult to be distinguished in practice, as multiple forms can be detected at the same time. Herein, we developed a population balance model to simulate a concomitant crystallization process of two polymorphs of tolfenamic acid. Our kinetic modeling aims to understand concomitant crystallization and help guide form selection of such a molecular system. Crystallization kinetics of ethanolic solutions were uncovered from induction time measurements, as well as seeded and unseeded crystallization experiments. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the stable form I crystallizes concomitantly with the metastable form II. The faster growing form II results in an intermediate decline in the composition of form I in crystallized samples, a characteristic feature of the concomitantly crystallized system. A four-quadrant scheme of attainable polymorph outcome was simulated under various crystallization conditions.  相似文献   
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8.
Recent studies have demonstrated that dihydrophenazine (Pz) with high redox-reversibility and high theoretical capacity is an attractive building block to construct p-type polymer cathodes for dual-ion batteries. However, most reported Pz-based polymer cathodes to date still suffer from low redox activity, slow kinetics, and short cycling life. Herein, a donor–acceptor (D–A) Pz-based conjugated microporous polymer (TzPz) cathode is constructed by integrating the electron-donating Pz unit and the electron-withdrawing 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (Tz) unit into a polymer chain. The D–A type structure enhances the polymer conjugation degree and decreases the band gap of TzPz, facilitating electron transportation along the polymer skeletons. Therefore the TzPz cathode for dual-ion battery shows a high reversible capacity of 192 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with excellent rate performance (108 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1), which is much higher than that of its counterpart polymer BzPz produced from 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (Bz) and Pz (148 and 44 mAh g−1 at 0.2 and 10 A g−1, respectively). More importantly, the TzPz cathode also shows a long and stable cyclability of more than 10 000 cycles. These results demonstrate that the D–A structural design is an efficient strategy for developing high-performance polymer cathodes for dual-ion batteries.  相似文献   
9.
To understand the role of phosphate ester dispersant, we investigated the rheology of a BaTiO slurry. For the model case, a coarse-grain molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation was performed with the butyral polymer didodecyl hydrogen phosphate (DHP) in the toluene/ethanol solvent. By systematically analyzing the effect of DHP from an atomic-scale first principle and from all-atom MD to microscale CGMD simulation, we investigated how the adsorption of a DHP dispersant on a BaTiO surface affects the microstructure rheology of a BaTiO slurry. The first-principle and all-atom MD simulation suggests that DHP molecules prefer to locate near the BaTiO surface. CGMD simulation shows a reduction in viscosity with an increase in dispersants, suggesting that the dispersant population near the BaTiO surface plays a key role in controlling the rheology of the BaTiO slurry. In this study, we propose an approach for understanding the BaTiO slurry with molecular-level simulations, which would be a useful tool for efficient optimization of slurry preparation.  相似文献   
10.
Core–rim structures were observed as common features in Y-α-SiAlON ceramics hot-pressed between 1550?1950 °C. We found most dopants were taken into α’-rims, and a transition layer grown first on α-cores from liquid-phase over-saturated with metal solutes. Elongated β’-grain were formed as minor phase with α’- or AlN-cores thus only after the α’ matrix had consumed up all Y solutes, revealing that the α’ → β’ transformation is controlled by the transient liquid-phase and similar defects and dangling bonds could be detected in both SiAlON phases by cathodoluminescence. Quantitative assessment of Ym/3Si12?(m+n)Alm+nOnN16?n demonstrates the multiphase evolution, initiated by over-saturation of Y solutes at low temperatures thus retaining α-phase as cores to lower the infra-red transmittance, dictated by homogenization of Al solutes at higher temperature. The elimination of those phase boundaries leads to better dopant and sintering design for achieving transparent and high-performance SiAlON ceramics.  相似文献   
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