长鳍金枪鱼多肽制备及其对H2O2诱导的张氏肝细胞的保护作用

目的:以长鳍金枪鱼废弃物为原料提取多肽,探究其对H2O2诱导的张氏肝细胞的保护作用。方法:以H2O2诱导张氏肝细胞损伤建立细胞模型组,以相对增殖率为指标筛选长鳍金枪鱼废弃物最适酶种,通过正交试验确定最佳酶解条件。酶解产物经超滤、阴离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱方法纯化分离得到多肽,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法对其每步分离效果进行评价。多肽活性的评价是利用试剂盒方法测定张氏肝细胞上清液中AST、ALT、MDA、ADH和SOD的含量,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态及流式细胞仪检测多肽对H2O2诱导后的张氏肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果:最适酶种为胰蛋白酶,最佳酶解条件为料液比1∶3(g/mL),pH 9,加酶量900 U/g,温度45℃,时间5 h。经一系列纯化后制成多肽,命名为长鳍金枪鱼多肽。其氨基酸序列为Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ser-Lys-Cys-Phe-Lys。经长鳍金枪鱼多肽作用于H2O2诱导的张氏肝细胞后,ALT、AST、ADH和MDA含量下降,SOD含量上升。通过流式细胞仪检测发现晚期凋亡细胞相比于模型组减少明显。结论:利用酶解方法提取的长鳍金枪鱼多肽对H2O2损伤的张氏肝细胞具有一定的保护作用。     

Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men

Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined.     

双酶法提取甜瓜籽多肽的工艺研究

以甜瓜籽为原料,水解度为考察指标,采用胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶双酶协同酶解法制备甜瓜籽多肽。通过单因素试验和响应面设计试验对酶解条件进行优化,结果表明:酶解的最佳工艺条件为底物浓度为3%、加酶量为4%、酶解时间为180 min、酶解温度为50℃、pH值为8、双酶质量比为6∶4,水解度达到最大值13.85%。     

Well‐defined,environment‐friendly synthesis of polypeptides based on phosgene‐free transformation of amino acids into urethane derivatives and their applications

In this study, both naturally occurring and artificial amino acids were successfully transformed into the corresponding urethane derivatives using diphenyl carbonate. The urethanes thus prepared could be efficiently cyclized into amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) without the requirement of phosgene. In addition, the presence of primary amines converted the urethane derivatives into NCAs and initiated the ring‐opening polymerization of the in situ formed NCAs, allowing for the well‐defined synthesis of polypeptides. These polypeptides contained initiating ends functionalized by an amine‐derived residue and propagating ends bearing the reactive amino group. By precise control of the structures of the polypeptides, various polypeptide conjugates such as block copolymers and graft copolymers were successfully synthesized as designed, and their applications in antifouling coatings against proteins, drug delivery systems and biosensors were demonstrated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

水蛭多肽对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的：探讨水蛭多肽提取物对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,制模成功后按随机数字表法分为4组：模型组（A 组,n＝6）、水蛭多肽低剂量组（5 mg· kg－1,B 组,n＝7）、水蛭多肽高剂量组（10 mg·kg－1,C 组,n＝8）及灯盏花素注射液阳性对照组（5 mg·kg－1,D 组,n＝7）;另取大鼠7只制作假手术组（E 组）。5组均尾静脉注射给药,每日1次,连续7 d;B、C、D 组给予相对应药物,A、E组给予等体积生理盐水。采用称重法测定大鼠体质量、进食量,TTC 染色法测定脑梗死体积,伊文思蓝法测定血-脑屏障功能。结果与 A 组比较,B、C、D 组体质量降低程度、神经功能评分、脑梗死体积均显著减小,进食量显著增加,血-脑屏障功能显著改善（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。结论水蛭多肽对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,其保护机制与其对血-脑屏障损伤的改善有关。     

Dual‐pH Sensitive Charge‐Reversal Polypeptide Micelles for Tumor‐Triggered Targeting Uptake and Nuclear Drug Delivery

A novel dual‐pH sensitive charge‐reversal strategy is designed to deliver antitumor drugs targeting to tumor cells and to further promote the nuclei internalization by a stepwise response to the mildly acidic extracellular pH (≈6.5) of a tumor and endo/lysosome pH (≈5.0). Poly(l ‐lysine)‐block–poly(l ‐leucine) diblock copolymer is synthesized and the lysine amino residues are amidated by 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride to form β‐carboxylic amide, making the polypeptides self‐assemble into negatively charged micelles. The amide can be hydrolyzed when exposed to the mildly acidic tumor extracellular environment, which makes the micelles switch to positively charged and they are then readily internalized by tumor cells. A nuclear targeting Tat peptide is further conjugated to the polypeptide via a click reaction. The Tat is amidated by succinyl chloride to mask its positive charge and cell‐penetrating function and thus to inhibit nonspecific cellular uptake. After the nanoparticles are internalized into the more acidic intracellular endo/lysosomes, the Tat succinyl amide is hydrolyzed to reactivate the Tat nuclear targeting function, promoting nanoparticle delivery into cell nuclei. This polypeptide nanocarrier facilitates tumor targeting and nuclear delivery simultaneously by simply modifying the lysine amino residues of polylysine and Tat into two different pH‐sensitive β‐carboxylic amides.     

Probing Protein Folding with Sequence-Reversed α-Helical Bundles

Recurrent protein folding motifs include various types of helical bundles formed by α-helices that supercoil around each other. While specific patterns of amino acid residues (heptad repeats) characterize the highly versatile folding motif of four-α-helical bundles, the significance of the polypeptide chain directionality is not sufficiently understood, although it determines sequence patterns, helical dipoles, and other parameters for the folding and oligomerization processes of bundles. To investigate directionality aspects in sequence-structure relationships, we reversed the amino acid sequences of two well-characterized, highly regular four-α-helical bundle proteins and studied the folding, oligomerization, and structural properties of the retro-proteins, using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (CD), Size Exclusion Chromatography combined with Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALS), and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). The comparison of the parent proteins with their retro-counterparts reveals that while the α-helical character of the parents is affected to varying degrees by sequence reversal, the folding states, oligomerization propensities, structural stabilities, and shapes of the new molecules strongly depend on the characteristics of the heptad repeat patterns. The highest similarities between parent and retro-proteins are associated with the presence of uninterrupted heptad patterns in helical bundles sequences.