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1.
Metabolically active gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) are important signalling molecules that show therapeutic utility in oxidative pathologies. The reduced form of selenium, hydrogen selenide (HSe/H2Se), shares some characteristics with these molecules. The simple selenide salt, sodium hydroselenide (NaHSe) showed significant metabolic activity, dose-dependently decreasing ex vivo O2 consumption (rat soleus muscle, liver) and transiently inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (liver, heart). Pharmacological manipulation of selenoprotein expression in HepG2 human hepatocytes revealed that the oxidation status of selenium impacts on protein expression; reduced selenide (NaHSe) increased, whereas (oxidized) sodium selenite decreased the abundance of two ubiquitous selenoproteins. An inhibitor of endogenous sulfide production (DL-propargylglycine; PAG) also reduced selenoprotein expression; this was reversed by exogenous NaHSe, but not sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). NaHSe also conferred cytoprotection against an oxidative challenge (H2O2), and this was associated with an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential. Anesthetized Wistar rats receiving intravenous NaHSe exhibited significant bradycardia, metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia. In summary, NaHSe modulates metabolism by inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase. Modification of selenoprotein expression revealed the importance of oxidation status of selenium therapies, with implications for current clinical practice. The utility of NaHSe as a research tool and putative therapeutic is discussed.  相似文献   
2.
In flotation, metal ions possess significant roles that are usually fulfilled by either selectively activating or depressing the target minerals. Despite that tremendous efforts have been made to address the roles of metal ions in flotation, it still lacks a comprehensive review, especially to compare various ions instead of focusing on a specific one. This review begins by elaborately categorizing the factors involved in affecting the roles of metal ions in flotation. After that, well-accepted mechanisms are updated and discussed from the ore type. Furthermore, typical approaches to explore the underlying mechanisms are emphasized, including traditional techniques such as micro-flotation, contact angle measurement, zeta potential measurement, and other recent prevailing methodologies, like computational method, solution chemistry calculation, and cyclic voltammetry. This work will pave the way to promote flotations via activities like selectively adding/reducing metal ions, choosing reagents, and regulating the slurry chemistry.  相似文献   
3.
谭威  黄刚  黄弋  郑永  黄钰琦 《录井工程》2021,(1):98-103
在高含硫化氢的页岩气开采过程中,硫化氢的实时监测尤为重要,非常态情况下如钻井过程中突发硫化氢泄漏事故,极易造成人员中毒,事故井及周围人员需全部撤离并切断井场电源,严重时要对事故井采取非常措施处理。常规硫化氢的监测因非常态情况下井场没有电源而无法正常工作,非常态无线硫化氢监测系统的设计研制有效解决了硫化氢实时监测的问题。系统采用锂电池供电,完全独立于井场电源,低功耗设计使系统在单电池供电的情况下可长时间连续工作;采用无线通信方式,方便现场安装和移动。由于多主机同时在线工作,各主机独立工作互不影响,可满足多点监测需求,可随意添加无线中继,方便扩展监测范围,能够在远离事故井的地方实时监测硫化氢气体。通过采集监测软件可实时显示硫化氢数据和曲线,数据实时存储,并能导出多种文件格式,方便数据查看和回放。现场测试结果表明,系统能够实现在非常态情况下硫化氢的实时监测,满足现场应用需求。  相似文献   
4.
邢美波  魏玉瑶  王瑞祥 《化工学报》2021,72(3):1684-1691
对ZnO/PbS异质结量子点太阳能电池的界面修饰及稳定性进行研究,采用ZnO电子传输层掺杂金属Mg及引入电子阻挡层两种界面修饰方法,制备了不同的量子点太阳能电池器件,并对其进行伏安特性测试。结果表明,界面修饰可调整界面能级结构、减少缺陷复合、增强电荷传输。经过界面修饰的器件获得了9.46%的光电转换效率(PCE),分别比未掺杂的器件(PCE为5.41%)和无电子阻挡层结构的器件(PCE为1.60%)提升了约75%和491%。此外,经过30 d的空气暴露后,界面修饰后的器件仍能保持原有PCE的95%以上。  相似文献   
5.
Water electrolysis is the most clean and high-efficiency technology for production of hydrogen, an ultimate clean energy in future. Highly efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable for large scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Especially, exposing as many active sites as possible is a vital way to improve activities of the catalysts. Herein, a series of new hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo2S3 nanosheets assembled uprightly and interlacedly on N, S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres were facilely prepared. The unique structure endowed the catalysts highly exposed edge active sites and prominently high activities for HER. Especially, the optimized catalyst Mo2S3/NSCS-50 exhibited as low as 106 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 (denoted as ?10). The catalyst also showed low Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec, low electron transfer resistance of 34 Ω and high stability evidenced by the result that the current density only attenuated 11.7% after 10 h i-t test. The catalyst has shown broad prospect for commercial application in water electrolysis.  相似文献   
6.
Zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnxCd1?xS) is a good photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but an optimum x (xm) at which a maximum HER rate is reached varies from one report to another. In this work, we examine the effect of light wavelength, not only for the HER to H2 in the presence of Na2S and Na2SO3, but also for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) without addition of any sacrifices. For the HER under a 365 and 420 nm LED lamp, the xm were 0.9 and 0.7, respectively. For the HER under a 330 and 395–515 nm cut-off xenon lamp, the xm were 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. For the ORR under a 420 nm cut-off halogen lamp, a maximum production of H2O2 was observed at x = 0.3. Furthermore, after 4% ZnCo2O4 loading, ZnxCd1?xS had an increased activity and stability, either for the HER or for the ORR. Through a (photo)electrochemical measurement, it is proposed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnxCd1?xS is determined by its light absorptivity and electron reactivity. The improved performance of n-type ZnxCd1?xS by p-type ZnCo2O4 is due to formation of a p-n junction, promoting the HER (ORR) on ZnxCd1?xS, and the sulfide (water) oxidation on ZnCo2O4. This work highlights that ZnxCd1-xS is a promising photocatalyst for H2 and H2O2 production, respectively.  相似文献   
7.
Transition metals sulfide-based nanomaterials have recently received significant attention as a promising cathode electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their easily tunable electronic, chemical, and physical properties. However, the poor electrical conductivity of metal-sulfide materials impedes their practical application in energy devices. Herein, firstly nano-sized crystals of cobalt-based zeolitic-imidazolate framework (Co-ZIF) arrays were fabricated on nickel-form (NF) as the sacrificial template by a facile solution method to enhance the electrical conductivity of the electrocatalyst. Then, the Co3S4/NiS@NF heterostructured arrays were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route. The Co-ZIFs derived Co3S4 nanosheets are grown successfully on NiS nanorods during the hydrothermal sulfurization process. The bimetallic sulfide-based Co3S4/NiS@NF-12 electrocatalyst demonstrated a very low overpotential of 119 mV at 10 mA cm?2 for OER, which is much lower than that of mono-metal sulfide NiS@NF (201 mV) and ruthenium-oxide (RuO2) on NF (440 mV) electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the Co3S4/NiS@NF-12 electrocatalyst showed high stability during cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. This research work offers an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance non-precious OER electrocatalysts.  相似文献   
8.
Surface reconstruction produces metal oxyhydroxide (1OOH) active sites, and promoting surface reconstruction is essential for the design of OER electrocatalysts. In this paper, we reported that a large amount of active NiFeOOH was generated in-situ on the surface of nickel-iron sulfide selenide, thus exposing more active sites and efficiently catalyzing OER. In 1 M KOH solution, NiFeOOH(S,Se) achieves an ultra-low overpotential of 195 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm?2, and the Tafel slope is only 31.99 mV dec?1, showing excellent catalytic performance. When the current density is 100  mA cm?2, the over-potential of NiFeOOH(S,Se) in KOH + seawater solution is 239 mV, which is almost equivalent to 231 mV in KOH solution. The excellent OER stability of the NiFeOOH(S,Se) catalyst in alkaline electrolytes was confirmed, and the overpotential did not change significantly after 4 days of testing in KOH + seawater solution.  相似文献   
9.
目的探究无机盐与硫化氢(H2S)对天然气三甘醇脱水的影响规律。 方法综述了无机盐与硫化氢在三甘醇脱水性、再生性、流变性、发泡消泡性能以及腐蚀性等方面对天然气三甘醇脱水的影响。 结果随着三甘醇溶液中无机盐和硫化氢的富集,三甘醇溶液流变性下降,易发泡且消泡困难,还会与三甘醇发生反应,引起三甘醇变质,脱水效果明显下降。含硫化氢的三甘醇溶液具有腐蚀性,腐蚀管道和设备后产生铁离子,进一步影响三甘醇的性能。 结论由于三甘醇自身的化学结构易受破坏以及外界高温环境,使得三甘醇易发生变质。在天然气采用MDEA进行脱硫时,需要控制MDEA的添加量。建议:①深入研究三甘醇变质机理;②建立各无机盐离子与硫化氢对三甘醇溶液脱水性能影响的模型;③建立统一的三甘醇溶液废弃标准。   相似文献   
10.
通过密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory, DFT)中的B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d,p)方法研究二氧化氮(NO2)、三氧化硫(SO3)氧化聚苯硫醚(Polyphenylene Sulfide, PPS)生成亚砜与砜结构的过渡态,并使用内禀反应坐标(Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate, IRC)确认其连接的反应物和产物,考察了PPS被氧化的反应路径,指出反应中分子几何结构与原子电荷的改变,揭示了NO2, SO3 氧化PPS滤料的微观机理。在此基础上,进一步计算不同温度下PPS氧化过程中的自由能垒,通过反应速率常数与半衰期定量比较NO2, SO3氧化PPS的能力。结果表明,在180~220℃范围内,SO3氧化PPS生成亚砜的反应速率常数是NO2的107倍;SO3氧化亚砜结构生成砜结构的反应速率常数是NO2的104倍,即SO3对于PPS分子链上S原子的氧化能力远强于NO2;在实际环境中NO2除了直接氧化PPS外,还可能存在能垒更低的反应路径。  相似文献   
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