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排序方式: 共有2391条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has several crystal forms of which the α-form is nonpolar, while the β-form is polar and has the highest piezoelectric constant. α PVDF, when stretched, transforms into the β form, which has wide applications in sensors and actuators. Steered molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the transformation of a single chain of PVDF from a trans–gauche conformation to an all trans one. The Helmholtz free energy change (∆F) is estimated using Jarzynski's equality. The transformation starts at the chain ends followed by the transformation of the remaining chain. The free energy change for the transformation is found to be always positive, indicating that the TGTG' form has higher thermodynamic stability than the all trans form throughout the studied temperature range. With increasing temperature, free energy change for the transformation increases monotonically.  相似文献   
2.
ZnO rice like nonarchitects are grafted on the graphene carbon core via a rapid microwave synthesis route. The prepared grafted systems are characterized via XRD, SEM, RAMAN, and XPS to examined the structural and morphological parameters. Zinc oxide grafted graphene sheets (ZnO-G) are further doped in β-phase of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) via mixed solvent approach (THF/DMF). β-phase confirmation of PVDF PNCs is done by FTIR studies. It is observed that ZnO-G filler enhances the β-phase content in the PNCs. Non-doped PVDF and PNCs are further studied for rheological behavior under the shear rate of 1–100 s−1. Doping of ZnO-G dopant to the PVDF matrix changes its discontinuous shear thickening (DST) behavior to continues shear thickening behavior (CST). Hydrocluster formation and their interaction with the dopant could be the reason for this striking DST to CST behavioral change. Strain amplitude sweep (10−3% -10%) oscillatory test reveals that the PNCs shows extended linear viscoelastic region with high elastic modulus and lower viscous modulus. Effective shear thickening behavior and strong elastic strength of these PNCs present their candidature for various fields including mechanical and soft body armor applications.  相似文献   
3.
为开发具有高效过滤性能的膜材料,以超支化季铵盐(HBP-HTC)为枝化促进剂,利用静电纺丝技术一步法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树枝状纳米纤维膜,探讨了纺丝工艺对纤维膜成形结构的影响,分析了树枝状纳米纤维膜的力学性能及其空气过滤性能。结果表明:由于HBP-HTC表面丰富的季铵基团具有对电荷的稳定富集作用,可获得比用小分子季铵盐制成膜更多的树枝状纳米纤维结构,当PVDF质量分数为12%,季铵基团添加量为 0.10 mol/L, 纺丝电压为25 kV时,制得的纤维膜树枝状覆盖率高达78.32%,且具有较好的力学性能;所制备的纳米纤维膜厚度为40 μm时,其过滤效率高达99.995%,而压降为122.4 Pa。  相似文献   
4.
通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对纯聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和PVDF/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混物在不同降温速率下的非等温结晶行为和晶体结构进行表征和分析,并采用Jeziorny法和莫志深法研究了各组样品的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,PMMA含量过多(PVDF/PMMA质量比为6/4和5/5)会完全抑制PVDF结晶;对于纯PVDF和可结晶的共混物(PVDF/PMMA质量比为9/1、8/2、7/3)样品,随着PMMA含量的增加,共混物结晶温度先升高后降低,结晶速率先少许增大后减小,说明少量PMMA起异相成核作用,可促进共混物结晶,而大量PMMA可明显阻碍分子重排,抑制其结晶;PMMA的加入可促进共混物晶体结构向低维转变;共混物晶体结构主要是α晶型,PMMA含量的增加不改变共混物的晶型,且使共混物结晶度先增大后减小。  相似文献   
5.
选用两种国产纳滤膜NF1和VNF2进行除氟的实验研究,考察了不同的原水pH、操作压力、进水F-浓度、温度以及腐殖酸的浓度对纳滤除氟截留率以及膜通量的影响。实验结果表明:VNF2膜的截留率高于NF1膜,而膜通量则低于NF1;同时两种膜的最佳操作条件为pH在6.5~7.0,温度在18~23℃,操作压力为0.4 MPa,进水氟离子浓度为4 mg/L;而腐殖酸主要通过静电斥力和氢键影响纳滤膜的截留率和膜通量,同时出水F-浓度满足生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006)。  相似文献   
6.
Here, a fluoride-assisted route for the controlled in-situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) (i.e., AgNPs, AuNPs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. The size and coverage of the NPs on the PDMS surface are modulated with time and over space during the synthetic process, leveraging the improved yield (10×) and faster kinetics (100×) of NP formation in the presence of F ions, compared to fluoride-free approaches. This enables the maskless preparation of both linear and step gradients and patterns of NPs in 1D and 2D on the PDMS surface. As an application in flexible plasmonics/photonics, continuous and step-wise spatial modulations of the plasmonic features of PDMS slabs with 1D and 2D AgNP gradients on the surface are demonstrated. An excellent spatially resolved tuning of key optical parameters, namely, optical density from zero to 5 and extinction ratio up to 100 dB, is achieved with AgNP gradients prepared in AgF solution for 12 minutes; the performance are comparable to those of commercial dielectric/interference filters. When used as a rejection filter in optical fluorescence microscopy, the AgNP-PDMS slabs are able to reject the excitation laser at 405 nm and retain the green fluorescence of microbeads (100 µm) used as test cases.  相似文献   
7.
8.
王傢俊  邓帅  赵睿恺  赵力 《化工进展》2021,40(7):3645-3655
电子级氟化氢(HF)气体的回收具有良好的经济、环境、社会效益,吸附法是最有希望实现回收的方式之一。然而能耗问题限制其进一步发展,如何对其展开节能降耗尚未见专题研究。本文通过对吸附循环能耗等指标的计算,对吸附循环的性能展开了探索性研究。采用分子模拟技术,计算获得HF的吸附平衡等温线数据;建立变温吸附循环数值模型,明确评价循环效能的指标参数;改变吸附温度、压力等运行参数,分析能耗、能效等循环指标的变化趋势,探索降低能耗提升效率的方向。计算结果表明:吸附温度由298K降低到288K,回收单位质量HF能耗由14.0912MJ/kg降低为3.1173MJ/kg,能量利用效率由0.02升高到0.0953;解吸温度由340K升高到350K,能耗降低为12.0037MJ/kg,能量利用效率升高到0.0247。可以看出,降低吸附温度对降低能耗、提升能效的作用更加明显。此外,还得到以下结论:提高进气浓度对各指标均有积极影响;提高吸附压力仅对回收率有较大影响;冷热源与操作温度的差值仅影响产率大小。  相似文献   
9.
The influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO3; KNN)-based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF2-doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F with respect to O2−. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF2 modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.  相似文献   
10.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(22):31268-31276
The relationship between the tensile strength of corroded domestic second-generation (2ed-gen) SiC fibers at various temperatures for 500 h in 46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42.0KF (mol. %) eutectic salt and the typical microstructure was studied. Weibull theory was used to analyze the critical defects that caused the tensile fracture, and the microstructure of fibers before and after corrosion was characterized. It is concluded that the decrease of tensile strength after corrosion at 800 °C is caused by the surface injury of fibers, which led to the shift of critical defects from the internal defects of virgin fibers to surface defects. Moreover, corrosion at higher temperature accelerates the corrosion process and dissolve the surface O-contained layer thoroughly. This shifts the critical defects back to the internal defects and will be helpful for the recovery of tensile strength of corroded fibers at the higher temperature.  相似文献   
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