不同产地葛根蛋白质提取工艺及其功能性研究

该试验以葛根为试验材料,对广西北海、贵港和柳州产的葛根蛋白质的提取工艺及其功能性进行研究。用凯氏定氮法测定葛根总蛋白含量,水提回流法提取葛根蛋白质;建立以牛血清白蛋白为标准品,双缩脲试剂为显色剂,分光光度法测定葛根蛋白质含量的分析方法。结果表明:葛根蛋白质的最优提取条件是提取溶剂pH 8、液料比20∶1(mL/g)、提取温度30℃和提取时间2.5 h;三地葛根中蛋白质的提取率为广西北海野葛58.87%、贵港野葛83.20%和柳州粉葛22.27%。葛根蛋白质功能性研究结果表明:葛根蛋白质的持油力4.06 g/g,持水力4.49 g/g,乳化性34.88%,起泡性6.67%。     

葛枳黄酮固体饮料的配方优化

本研究以葛根总黄酮（PTF）和枳椇子总黄酮（HTF）为原料，制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料并对其配方进行优化。采用瓦勒-霍赫法（Valle-Hoch）法检测PTF和HTF对乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH2）的激活率的影响，确定PTF和HTF复合物配比，并以成型率、休止角、溶化性、吸湿性为考察指标，采用单因素试验法和星点设计-效应面法对复方葛枳解酒固体饮料的配方进行优化。蔗糖/麦芽糊精配比、辅料/原料配比和乙醇浓度对颗粒质量影响较大，固体饮料最优配方为：葛根总黄酮7.65%，枳椇子总黄酮15.31%，蔗糖45.92%，麦芽糊精30.61%，阿斯巴甜0.50%，65%乙醇适量，采用湿法制粒工艺制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料。星点设计实验方法模型可靠，优化所得配方产品具有良好的成型率、流动性、溶化性及生产和储存可接受的吸湿性，工艺过程简单，适用于大生产。     

葛根提取物中麦芽糊精的中红外快速定量分析

中药提取物因生产工艺、储存条件的要求,需在生产过程中添加一定量的麦芽糊精。目前国内外还没有标准方法测定中药提取物中麦芽糊精的含量。本研究旨在建立一种快速检测葛根提取物混合粉末中辅料麦芽糊精含量的中红外快速测定方法,为企业有效把握提取物质量提供技术支持。以不同麦芽糊精含量的葛根提取物混合粉末样品88份为实验材料,采集已知麦芽糊精含量样品的中红外光谱,对谱图进行基线校正和归一化预处理,通过偏最小二乘回归方法建立定量模型。结果表明:所建定量模型预测效果良好,预测模型稳定性强、预测精度高,预测模型的决定系数R2为0.9819,预测标准差为3.205。采用中红外光谱检测技术可以快速定量葛根提取物中麦芽糊精的含量,有效地监督提取物市场以次充好的混乱现象,为市场监督部门提供技术支持。     

不同溶剂对野葛中葛根素提取效果影响的研究

目的考察不同溶剂对葛根素提取效果的影响。方法以水和不同浓度的乙醇提取野葛根中的葛根素,以葛根素的提取率和含量为考察指标,通过L9(34)正交试验,比较不同溶剂提取的最佳条件。结果热水提取法的最适条件为料水比1∶10、提取时间2.0 h、提取次数2次;醇提的最佳条件为料液比1∶6,提取时间2.0 h,乙醇体积分数为30%,提取3次。结论优选的两种溶剂提取工艺条件都合理可行,相比之下,水提取的综合指标更高一些。     

葛花总黄酮对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠内耳损伤后相关炎性因子影响的实验研究

目的: 探究中药葛花总黄酮对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠内耳损伤后相关炎性因子的影响机制。方法: 将大鼠分为4组,葛花总黄酮高、低剂量组,模型组及阴性组,探讨预防给药后对异丙肾上腺素致内耳损伤大鼠的TNF-α、IL-4,ACTH及Bax蛋白含量的变化。结果: 造模后,与阴性组对比,给药组和模型组血清TNF-α、IL-4、ACTH、Bax含量明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组对比,给药组血清TNF-α、IL-4、Bax含量降低(P<0.05),ACTH含量升高(P<0.05),其中高剂量组比低剂量组变化更加明显（P<0.01）。结论: 葛花总黄酮对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠内耳损伤能够有效抑制TNF-α、IL-4炎症因子的释放,调节ACTH、Bax蛋白的表达。     

生态葛根奶中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量测定

测定生态葛根奶中矿物质的含量,探讨其营养价值.硝酸-高氯酸消解样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定生态葛根奶(饲喂葛根4周)及未饲喂葛根的对照组奶样中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁的含量,应用F检验、SNK法和LSD-t检验对结果进行统计分析.测定方法的精密度介于0.04％～0.7％,平均回收率介于93.70％～106.20％.试验组和对照组比较:铜的含量差异没有统计学意义(F=2.702,P＞0.05);锌的含量差异没有统计学意义(F=1.684,P＞0.05);钙的含量差异没有统计学意义(F=2.253,P＞0.05);铁的含量试验组(饲喂葛根1周、2周、3周)高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(F=9.369,P＜0.05);镁的含量试验组(饲喂葛根1周、2周、4周)高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(F=4.142,P＜0.05).生态葛根奶中铜、锌、钙含量与普通奶中含量无显著差异,铁、镁的含量较普通奶含量丰富.     

Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) for Improving In Vitro Dissolution and Oral Absorption of Pueraria Lobata Isoflavone

The aim of our investigation was to develop and characterize self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) of Pueraria lobata isoflavone to improve its in vitro dissolution and oral absorption in beagle dogs. SMEDDS consisted of oil (ethyl oleate), a surfactant (Tween 80), and a cosurfactant (Transcutol P). In all the SMEDDS, the level of Pueraria lobata isoflavone was fixed at 20% w/w of the vehicle. The in vitro self-microemulsification properties and droplet size analysis of SMEDDS were studied following their addition to water under mild agitation. A pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed identifying the efficient self-microemulsification region. From these investigations, an optimized formulation was selected and its dissolution and bioavailability were compared with a tablet formulation in beagle dogs. The in vitro dissolution rate of puerarin from SMEDDS was more than threefold faster than that from Yufengningxin tablets (Pueraria lobata isoflavone tablets). A 2.5-fold increase in the relative bioavailability was observed for the SMEDDS compared with Yufengningxin tablets. The absolute bioavailability of the SMEDDS was 82.32 ± 15.51%, which was significantly improved compared with that of Yufengningxin tablets. These results demonstrate the potential of SMEDDS as an efficient way of improving the oral absorption of Pueraria lobata isoflavone.     

葛根黄酮的壳聚糖颗粒的制备及其释放性研究

以葛根黄酮提取物为芯材,壳聚糖和三聚磷酸钠（TPP）为包裹材料,制备葛根黄酮的壳聚糖颗粒。以包埋率为指标筛选壳聚糖颗粒制备的工艺条件,并通过扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射初步分析其性质,同时通过体外药物释放实验评价其释放性能。结果表明：葛根黄酮的壳聚糖颗粒的最佳制备条件为6mg／mL的1mL葛根黄酮溶液,0．6％（m／v）的20mL壳聚糖溶液,0．6％（m／v）的20mL TPP溶液,在此条件下包埋率可达到67．1％。所制备的颗粒的体外释放缓慢且完全,12h时释放率能达到90％,能有效提高葛根黄酮的生物利用率,表明本实验条件下制备的葛根黄酮的壳聚糖颗粒较为成功,达到了预期要求。     

Comparative structural morphometry and elemental composition of three marine sponges from Western Coast of India

Three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata, Cliono lobata, and Spirastrella pachyspira from the western coastal region of India were compared for their morphometry, biochemical, and elemental composition. One‐way analysis of variance was applied for spicule morphometry results. Length, width, and length:width ratio were calculated independently. The ratio of length:width varied from 35 to 42 among the grown samples, which remained in the range of 10–22 in young sample at the beginning of studies. However, no significant change was observed in spicule width compared to length. Elemental compositions of marine sponges were determined by field emission gun‐scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy data revealed that the spicules of all the three sponges were mostly composed of O (47–56%) and Si (30–40%), whereas Al (14.33%) was only detected in the spicules of C. lobata. Apart from these, K, Ni, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and S were additionally detected in all the three samples. Presence of heavy metals in the sponges was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy. Results showed that iron was present in a large amount in samples, followed by zinc, lead, and copper. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:296–304, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.