远志多糖对力竭运动小鼠体内抗疲劳和体外抗氧化作用研究

为了探讨远志多糖的体内、外活性，采用力竭运动动物模型，给予受试动物低、中、高剂量（0.10、0.20、0.40 mg/g·d）远志多糖后，分别测定各组动物负重游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸、尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶的活力和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，与空白对照组相较，低、中、高剂量的远志多糖分别延长小鼠的负重游泳时间96.6 s （P<0.05）、254.4 s （P<0.01）和421.8 s （P<0.01），肝糖原含量分别提高13.1%（P<0.05）、37.4%（P<0.01）和56.4%（P<0.01），肌糖原含量分别提高10.8%（P<0.05）、31.2%（P<0.01）和42.0%（P<0.01），运动后乳酸含量分别下降4.6%（P<0.05）、8.6%（P<0.01）和14.5%（P<0.01），尿素氮含量分别降低1.5%（P<0.05）、3.9%（P<0.01）和7.5%（P<0.01），乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高10.4%（P<0.01）、14.0%（P<0.01）和19.9%（P<0.01）。当远志多糖浓度为4 mg/mL时，对羟基自由基清除率和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为61.3%和79.5%，表明远志多糖有助于缓解机体疲劳，且体外抗氧化性较好。     

PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.     

Advances in the in vitro digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides

In vitro digestion models are widely used to study the structural changes, digestion and release of food components under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. As compared to the in vivo digestion tests, the in vitro digestion reflects the digestion and utilisation of food after ingestion and has the advantages of being time consuming, inexpensive, reproducible and free from moral and ethical restrictions. This study reviewed the current research studies on the in vitro simulated digestion of polysaccharides conducted in the last 5 years and focused on the oral, gastric and intestinal digestion models, with the aim of providing a basis for the further testing of changes in the content, structure and active ingredients of polysaccharides before and after digestion.     

Extraction and characterisation of pectin polysaccharide from soybean dreg and its dispersion stability in acidified milk drink

In this study, pectin polysaccharide (SDPP) was obtained from soybean dreg (26.2% yield), and characteristics of SDPP were compared with those of soybean soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) and citrus pectin (HMP). The galacturonic acid and molecular weight of SSPS, SDPP or HMP were 11.8%, 40.6% or 70.2% and 112, 446, or 440 kDa. SDPP had similar viscosity and protein content to SSPS, and functional groups and linear structure to HMP. SSPS, SDPP or HMP differed in particle size of 260, 467 or 1195 nm and ζ–potential of −5.8, −14.6 or −23.5 mV at pH 4.0. The precipitation of acidified milk drink (AMD) was 6.31% without stabiliser or below 1.75% with 0.4% SDPP at pH 3.6–4.6. These results suggested that SDPP combines the structure and characteristic of HMP and SSPS, and AMD with SDPP had great stabilising behaviour at wider pH range (pH 3.6–4.6).     

苦荞多糖提取工艺及功能作用研究进展

苦荞多糖是苦荞的主要功能成分。对苦荞多糖的提取方法和主要功能作用等方面的研究进行了梳理归纳,分析了苦荞多糖的研究现状,总结了存在的问题,在此基础上对苦荞多糖的研究进行了展望,旨在为苦荞多糖的综合开发利用提供依据。     

药食同源植物丁香各部位抗营养因子分析

结合食品饲料安全国家标准以及文献方法,对药食同源丁香植株花蕾、果实、枝、叶部位的抗营养因子进行研究分析。结果表明:丁香花蕾、果实、枝、叶各部位的主要抗营养因子含量均处于食品或饲料的正常范围。植酸含量果实最低为33.24 mg/g。胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性各部位较接近,其中果实含量最高为44.2 mg/g。植物凝集素含量叶最低,微凝血试验中果实和叶表现出微弱的凝血反应。单宁酸含量枝最低,草酸含量花蕾最低。可溶性非淀粉多糖含量果实最低,含量为0.278 mg/g。从几类主要抗营养因子含量来看,各部位含量均较接近,且各抗营养因子在各部位中的含量趋势都有所不同且各有高低。     

不同醇沉竹荪多糖组分对青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用的影响

本文以竹荪为原料提取多糖成分并以乙醇分级制备竹荪多糖(DPs)不同组分,通过青春双歧杆菌体外增殖试验初步评价竹荪多糖及其分级醇沉组分的益生元功效。结果显示在α-淀粉酶溶液中水解4 h后,20%、40%、50%、60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为9.10%、8.02%、8.88%、11.67%,与对照组菊粉(水解度13.15%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分与菊粉对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟胃液中水解6 h后,20%、40%、50%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为17.30%、14.52%、9.61%,与对照组菊粉(水解度5.72%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分水解度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着竹荪多糖添加量的增加,青春双歧杆菌的菌体浓度呈现先增大而后不断减小的趋势。分级醇沉浓度达到80%的竹荪多糖组分和未分级的多糖组分,青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用与pH下降显著且效果优于菊粉(P<0.05),并在20 h的发酵时间内两者表现出相似的效果。不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分对青春双歧杆菌均有增殖效果,且不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分的增殖效果和抗水解能力随乙醇浓度的增加而增强,未分级的多糖组分同样可以加强青春双歧杆菌增殖能力,具有益生元潜力。     

猴头菇菌丝体多糖的提取工艺优化

目的对猴头菇菌丝体多糖热水提取工艺条件进行优化。方法选取影响多糖得率的3个因素:固液比、提取时间和提取温度,在单因素实验的基础上结合L_9(34)正交实验,对热水提取法提取猴头菇菌丝体多糖的工艺进行了优化。结果当固液比1:20(m:V,g/mL)、提取时间1.0 h、提取温度70℃,猴头菇菌丝体的多糖得率最高,达(1.76±0.01)%。结论本方法操作简单、快捷、稳定,为猴头菇菌丝体多糖的加工利用和相关研究提供了参考依据。     

动物多糖降血糖作用及机制研究进展

糖尿病是一种慢性非传染性疾病，严重威胁着人类的健康，目前治疗糖尿病的方法主要以服用降糖药物为主，具有一定的副作用。动物多糖广泛存在动物产品中，具有良好的降血糖功效且毒性低、副作用小。本文对近年来具有降血糖活性的动物多糖进行了总结，重点阐述了动物多糖控制胰岛素及胰岛β细胞、调节关键酶活性、改善糖代谢、调节关键蛋白表达、改善肝脏氧化应激水平等降糖作用机制。